Rodríguez July, Avila Jenny, Rolfo Christian, Ruíz-Patiño Alejandro, Russo Alessandro, Ricaurte Luisa, Ordóñez-Reyes Camila, Arrieta Oscar, Zatarain-Barrón Zyanya Lucia, Recondo Gonzalo, Cardona Andrés F
Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogota, Colombia.
Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia.
Oncol Ther. 2021 Jun;9(1):89-110. doi: 10.1007/s40487-021-00144-6. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Precision medicine has impacted the field of medical oncology by introducing personalized therapies, improving all measurable outcomes. This field, in turn, has expanded to obtaining and analyzing a vast and ever-increasing amount of genomic information. One technique currently applied is the liquid biopsy, which consists of detecting and isolating DNA and exosomes in cancer patients. Newly developed techniques have made it possible to use the liquid biopsy in a wide range of settings. However, challenges regarding the validation of its clinical utility exist because of a lack of standardization across different techniques and tumor types, confounder genomic information, lack of appropriate clinical trial designs, and a non-measured, and therefore not estimated, economic impact on population health. Nowadays, liquid biopsy is not routinely used, but ongoing research is increasing its popularity, and a new era in oncology is developing. Therefore, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding of the liquid biopsy technique. In this review, we summarize the leading techniques and liquid biopsy applications in cancer.
精准医学通过引入个性化疗法，改善了所有可测量的结果，从而对肿瘤医学领域产生了影响。反过来，该领域又扩展到获取和分析大量且不断增加的基因组信息。目前应用的一种技术是液体活检，它包括在癌症患者中检测和分离DNA及外泌体。新开发的技术使得在广泛的环境中使用液体活检成为可能。然而，由于不同技术和肿瘤类型缺乏标准化、基因组信息存在混杂因素、缺乏适当的临床试验设计以及对人群健康的经济影响无法测量且因此未得到估计，其临床效用的验证面临挑战。如今，液体活检尚未常规使用，但正在进行的研究使其越来越受欢迎，肿瘤学的新时代正在发展。因此，深入了解液体活检技术至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了癌症中主要的液体活检技术及其应用。
