Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, PR China.
Biomaterials. 2021 Apr;271:120737. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120737. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
Despite that great progression has been made in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nano-DDS), multiple drug delivery dilemmas still impair the delivery efficiency of nanomedicines. Rational design of smart transformable nano-DDS based on the in vivo drug delivery process represents a promising strategy for overcoming delivery obstacle of nano-DDS. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing smart transformable anticancer nanomedicines. Herein, we provide a review to outline the advances in this emerging field. First, smart size-reducible nanoparticles (NPs) for deep tumor penetration are summarized, including carrier degradation-induced, protonation-triggered and photobleaching-induced size reduction. Second, emerging transformable nanostructures for various therapeutic applications are discussed, including prolonging tumor retention, reversing drug-resistance, inhibiting tumor metastasis, preventing tumor recurrence and non-pharmaceutical therapy. Third, shell-detachable nanocarriers are introduced, focusing on chemical bonds breaking-initiated, charge repulsion-mediated and exogenous stimuli-triggered shell detachment approaches. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges of transformable nanomedicines in clinical cancer therapy are highlighted.
尽管纳米药物递送系统（nano-DDS）已经取得了巨大的进展，但多种药物递送难题仍然影响着纳米药物的递送效率。基于体内药物递送过程的智能可变形 nano-DDS 的合理设计代表了克服 nano-DDS 递送障碍的一种有前途的策略。近年来，人们致力于开发智能可变形抗癌纳米药物。本文综述了这一新兴领域的进展。首先，总结了用于深层肿瘤穿透的智能尺寸可缩小纳米颗粒（NPs），包括载体降解诱导、质子化触发和光漂白诱导的尺寸缩小。其次，讨论了用于各种治疗应用的新兴可变形纳米结构，包括延长肿瘤保留时间、逆转耐药性、抑制肿瘤转移、防止肿瘤复发和非药物治疗。第三，介绍了壳可分离的纳米载体，重点介绍了化学键断裂引发、电荷排斥介导和外源刺激触发的壳分离方法。最后，强调了可变形纳米药物在临床癌症治疗中的未来前景和挑战。
