J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021 Jan 1;45(1):15-21. doi: 10.17796/1053-4625-45.1.4.
We assessed the effectiveness of a modified audio-tactile performance (ATP) technique with braille (ATPb) on the oral health statuses of visually-impaired children.
Ninety visually-impaired institutionalized children received oral hygiene instructions using audio (AM), ATP or ATPb techniques. Plaque scores were assessed at baseline and after reinforcement and non-reinforcement periods.
In the totally visually-impaired, mean reductions in plaque scores in the ATPb, ATP and AM groups during the reinforcement period were 1.119 ± 0.260, 0.654 ± 0.239 and 0.237 ± 0.255, respectively (p <0.001), worsening to 0.107 ± 0.160, 0.083 ± 0.193 and -0.208 ± 0.267 during the non-reinforcement period (p <0.001), before culminating at 6 months at 1.227 ± 0.261, 0.737 ± 0.317 and 0.029 ± 0.108 (p <0.001). In partially visually-impaired children, reductions during the reinforcement period were 0.934 ± 0.279, 0.762 ± 0.270 and 0.118 ± 0.237, respectively, dropping to 0.176 ± 0.166, 0.083 ± 0.169 and -0.128 ± 0.114 without reinforcement and culminating at 1.109 ± 0.258, 0.845 ± 0.292 and -0.010 ± 0.226 (p <0.001). There were significant inter-group differences during the three periods (p <0.001), except in the ATP and ATPb groups during the non-reinforcement period for totally impaired (p = 0.157) and during reinforcement (p = 0.155) and non-reinforcement (p = 0.051) periods for partially impaired children.
All three techniques were successful when reinforced periodically. However, only ATP and ATPb were successful during periods without reinforcement. The modified audio-tactile performance technique with braille (ATPb) was most effective, allowing visually-impaired children to retain oral hygiene information without intervention.
评估改良的音频触觉表现（ATP）结合盲文（ATPb）技术对视力障碍儿童口腔健康状况的影响。
90 名视力障碍的机构儿童接受了音频（AM）、ATP 或 ATPb 技术的口腔卫生指导。在强化和非强化期评估菌斑评分。
在完全视力障碍者中，ATPb、ATP 和 AM 组在强化期的菌斑评分平均降低分别为 1.119 ± 0.260、0.654 ± 0.239 和 0.237 ± 0.255（p <0.001），在非强化期分别恶化至 0.107 ± 0.160、0.083 ± 0.193 和-0.208 ± 0.267（p <0.001），然后在 6 个月时分别稳定在 1.227 ± 0.261、0.737 ± 0.317 和 0.029 ± 0.108（p <0.001）。在部分视力障碍儿童中，强化期的降低分别为 0.934 ± 0.279、0.762 ± 0.270 和 0.118 ± 0.237，降至 0.176 ± 0.166、0.083 ± 0.169 和-0.128 ± 0.114 无强化，在 1.109 ± 0.258、0.845 ± 0.292 和-0.010 ± 0.226 时达到顶峰（p <0.001）。在三个时期（p <0.001）存在显著的组间差异，除了完全受损儿童在非强化期（p = 0.157）和强化期（p = 0.155）和非强化期（p = 0.051）时 ATP 和 ATPb 组之间没有差异外。
当周期性强化时，三种技术都很成功。然而，只有 ATP 和 ATPb 在没有强化的时期是成功的。改良的音频触觉表现技术结合盲文（ATPb）最为有效，使视力障碍儿童无需干预即可保留口腔卫生信息。
