Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Oral Health. 2020 May 18;20(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01131-5.
Visually impaired children encounter some challenges for their oral health. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral health education using Audio Tactile Performance (ATP) technique alone, ATP combined with oral health education for mothers, and ATP along with art package on the oral health status of visually impaired children.
This cluster, randomized trial, included visually impaired children from preschool to 10th grade (32 classes, n = 200), in Tehran, Iran, in 2018-2019. A questionnaire was filled out through face to face interviews at baseline regarding age, gender, status of visual impairment, and place of residence. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) were examined afterward. Classes were randomly assigned to three groups through simple randomization: 1. Art group (ATP, game-based, and music-based education (11 classes, n = 66); 2. Mothers group (children received ATP and their mothers received education by telephone (10 classes, n = 73); and 3. Control group (children received ATP (11 classes, n = 61). Children received reinforcement after 1 and 2 weeks. Follow-up oral examinations were performed after 1 and 2 months by a blind calibrated examiner. Descriptive statistics were performed using Chi-Square, and ANOVA tests by SPSS (version 22). In analytic statistics, two-level mixed-effects models for BOP and OHI-S were fitted using the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.4. Both models fitted with the grouping variable and time (baseline, 1, and 2 months after interventions) as the fixed effects.
The mean age (SD) of the children was 12.29 (3.45) years (range: 6-17). Male children (67%) more than female children (33%) participated in the study. Also, 35.5% were blind, and 12% resided at the dormitory. The art and mothers groups had no statistically significant difference compared with the control group, in terms of OHI-S (P = 0.92, and 0.39, respectively) and BOP (OR = 0.64, and 0.66, respectively). The time effect was statistically significant in both BOP and OHI-S models (P < 0.0001).
ATP technique is an effective method to improve the oral health status of visually impaired school children. Oral health promotion programs can be done using this method to tackle oral hygiene problems in visually impaired children.
(https://www.irct.ir/trial/34676: Nov 29th, 2018).
视力障碍儿童的口腔健康存在一些挑战。我们旨在比较单独使用 Audio Tactile Performance (ATP) 技术、ATP 结合母亲口腔健康教育以及 ATP 结合艺术包对视力障碍儿童口腔健康状况的效果。
这是一项在 2018-2019 年于伊朗德黑兰的学龄前至 10 年级（32 个班级，n=200）的视力障碍儿童进行的聚类随机试验。基线时，通过面对面访谈填写了一份问卷，内容包括年龄、性别、视力障碍状况和居住地。之后，检查简化口腔卫生指数 (OHI-S) 和探诊出血 (BOP)。通过简单随机化将班级随机分为三组：1. 艺术组（ATP、基于游戏和基于音乐的教育（11 个班级，n=66）；2. 母亲组（儿童接受 ATP，其母亲通过电话接受教育（10 个班级，n=73）；3. 对照组（儿童接受 ATP（11 个班级，n=61）。儿童在 1 周和 2 周后接受强化教育。由一位经过校准的盲审员在 1 个月和 2 个月后进行随访口腔检查。使用 Chi-Square 和 SPSS（版本 22）进行描述性统计分析。在分析统计中，使用 SAS（版本 9.4）对 BOP 和 OHI-S 拟合两级混合效应模型。两个模型都以分组变量和时间（基线、干预后 1 个月和 2 个月）为固定效应进行拟合。
儿童的平均年龄（SD）为 12.29（3.45）岁（范围：6-17 岁）。男性儿童（67%）多于女性儿童（33%）参加了研究。此外，35.5%的儿童失明，12%的儿童居住在宿舍。艺术组和母亲组与对照组相比，在 OHI-S（P=0.92 和 0.39）和 BOP（OR=0.64 和 0.66）方面均无统计学差异。BOP 和 OHI-S 模型的时间效应均具有统计学意义（P<0.0001）。
ATP 技术是改善视力障碍学童口腔健康状况的有效方法。可以使用这种方法开展口腔健康促进计划，以解决视力障碍儿童的口腔卫生问题。
（https://www.irct.ir/trial/34676：2018 年 11 月 29 日）。
