Malek R S
J Urol. 1977 Dec;118(6):893-901. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58241-5.
Management of most patients with calculous disease has been less than ideal in the past. Too often therapeutic efforts were limited to symptomatic calculi. Stones were allowed to pass or were removed, metabolic studies were incomplete, victims were dismissed and forgotten, and prophylactic measures were negligible and usually confined to milk restriction and use of distilled water. More patients were crippled with and died of recurrent calculous disease, urinary infection and progressive renal insufficiency than from any other upper urinary tract abnormality. During the last decade the development of a renal stone clinic at this institution has allowed a nephrourologic approach to the management of urolithiasis. This account of classification, diagnosis and management of the various syndromes associated with urolithiasis is based on the experiences gained during the last decade with this common but ill-understood urologic problem.
过去，大多数结石病患者的治疗情况并不理想。治疗措施常常局限于有症状的结石。任由结石自行排出或予以清除，代谢研究不完整，患者被打发走后便被遗忘，预防措施微不足道，通常仅局限于限制牛奶摄入和使用蒸馏水。因复发性结石病、泌尿系统感染和进行性肾功能不全而致残或死亡的患者，比因任何其他上尿路异常而导致此类情况的患者更多。在过去十年里，该机构肾结石诊所的发展使得能够采用肾脏泌尿学方法来处理尿石症。这篇关于与尿石症相关的各种综合征的分类、诊断和治疗的叙述，是基于过去十年在这个常见但却了解不足的泌尿系统问题上所积累的经验。
