ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, 534 450, West Godavari (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India.
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, 534 450, West Godavari (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India.
Plant Sci. 2021 Apr;305:110810. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110810. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a long breeding cycle perennial crop with a genome size of 1.8 Gb. This is the first report of GWAS on large number of 310 African germplasm using 400 SSR markers till date. Highly significant correlation was found between leaf area (LA) and rachis length (RL) (0.75) followed by bunch weight (BW) and bunch index (BI) (0.65), whereas negative correlation was observed between bunch number (BN) and average bunch weight (ABW). First two principal component analysis (PCA) together explained maximum amount of variation (84.5 %). The PCA1 revealed that group 2 (Guinea Bissau and Cameroon) and group 4 (Zambia and Cameroon) genotypes are best suitable for BN, BI and BW traits. GWAS of six bunch yield and seven bunch oil yield traits with SSRs resulted in the identification 43 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by mixed linear model (MLM) approach. Seven SSR loci were found to be linked to oil to dry mesocarp (ODM) on chromosomes 1,4,7,10,12 and 15. The SSR locus mEgCIR1753 for ODM was significantly linked at a p of ≤0.05 which explained 34.6 % of phenotypic variance. The important parameters like ODM, OWM and OB were located on 4, 10, 11 and 15 chromosomes. The leaf area and ODM were associated with candidate genes representing of low-temperature-induced 65 kDa proteins. The identified markers can be effectively used for marker assisted selection of high yielding oil palm genotypes.
油棕（Elaeis guineensis Jacq.）是一种长生育周期的多年生作物，基因组大小为 1.8Gb。这是迄今为止首次利用 400 个 SSR 标记对大量 310 份非洲种质资源进行 GWAS 的报告。叶面积（LA）与穗梗长（RL）之间存在高度显著的相关性（0.75），其次是穗重（BW）和穗指数（BI）（0.65），而穗数（BN）与平均穗重（ABW）之间存在负相关。前两个主成分分析（PCA）共同解释了最大的变异量（84.5%）。PCA1 表明，第 2 组（几内亚比绍和喀麦隆）和第 4 组（赞比亚和喀麦隆）基因型最适合 BN、BI 和 BW 性状。利用 SSRs 对 6 个穗产量和 7 个穗含油量性状进行 GWAS，通过混合线性模型（MLM）方法鉴定出 43 个显著的数量性状位点（QTLs）。在第 1、4、7、10、12 和 15 号染色体上发现 7 个 SSR 位点与干中果皮油含量（ODM）相关。与 ODM 显著相关的 SSR 位点 mEgCIR1753 在 p 值≤0.05 处，解释了 34.6%的表型方差。ODM、OWM 和 OB 等重要参数位于 4、10、11 和 15 号染色体上。叶面积和 ODM 与代表低温诱导的 65kDa 蛋白的候选基因有关。鉴定出的标记可有效用于高油棕产量基因型的标记辅助选择。
