Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Iryo Sosei University.
J Nippon Med Sch. 2022 Mar 11;89(1):47-55. doi: 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2022_89-105. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Children who survive traffic accidents, and their parents, may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or related symptoms (depression or anxiety), which can hinder the children's development and the parents' ability to provide effective care. In Japan, the PTSD incidence rate after traffic accidents and its related factors remain unclarified.
The participants were 79 children and 104 parents. The children were aged 3-18 years when injured. From August through December 2015, participants completed a self-reported questionnaire survey that comprised the 15-item Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms for Children and the Japanese version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. The children's Injury Severity Score (ISS) was also obtained from their medical records. Correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were conducted.
Among the children and parents, 10.1% and 22.1%, respectively, were deemed to be at high risk of PTSD. Their stress scores were significantly positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with the children's age at the time of the accident. Parents who witnessed their children's accidents and those whose children were hospitalized were more stressed. Neither the children's nor the parents' risk for PTSD was associated with ISS or the amount of time since the accident.
A system that simultaneously works with children and parents to support both parties' psychological recovery is required. To ensure psychological care post-injury, it is necessary to evaluate PTSD risk, regardless of injury severity. Implementing preventive and early interventions can prove more valuable than awaiting natural recovery.
在经历交通事故后幸存的儿童及其父母可能会患上创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）或相关症状（抑郁或焦虑），这可能会阻碍儿童的发展和父母提供有效照顾的能力。在日本，交通事故后 PTSD 的发病率及其相关因素仍不清楚。
参与者为 79 名儿童和 104 名父母。儿童受伤时年龄为 3-18 岁。2015 年 8 月至 12 月，参与者完成了一份自我报告问卷，其中包括儿童创伤后应激症状 15 项量表和修订后的事件影响量表日本版。还从病历中获得了儿童的损伤严重度评分（ISS）。进行了相关性分析、方差分析和多元回归分析。
在儿童和父母中，分别有 10.1%和 22.1%被认为有 PTSD 高风险。他们的压力得分呈显著正相关，与事故发生时儿童的年龄呈负相关。目睹孩子事故的父母和孩子住院的父母压力更大。儿童或父母的 PTSD 风险与 ISS 或事故发生后时间长短均无关。
需要建立一个同时为儿童和父母提供支持的系统，以帮助双方恢复心理健康。为确保受伤后的心理护理，无论受伤严重程度如何，都有必要评估 PTSD 风险。实施预防和早期干预可能比等待自然康复更有价值。
