Parlett-Pelleriti Chelsea, Lin Grace C, Jones Masha R, Linstead Erik, Jaeggi Susanne M
Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 92866 California, USA.
School of Education, University of California Irvine, 92697 California, USA.
Open Psychol. 2019;1(1):215-238. doi: 10.1515/psych-2018-0015. Epub 2019 Jun 29.
Older adults (OAs) typically experience memory failures as they age. However, with some exceptions, studies of OAs' ability to assess their own memory functions-Metamemory (MM) - find little evidence that this function is susceptible to age-related decline. Our study examines OAs' and young adults' (YAs) MM performance and strategy use. Groups of YAs (N = 138) and OAs (N = 79) performed a MM task that required participants to place bets on how likely they were to remember words in a list. Our analytical approach includes hierarchical clustering, and we introduce a new measure of MM-the modified Brier-in order to adjust for differences in scale usage between participants. Our data indicate that OAs and YAs differ in the strategies they use to assess their memory and in how well their MM matches with memory performance. However, there was no evidence that the chosen strategies were associated with differences in MM match, indicating that there are multiple strategies that might be effective (i.e. lead to similar match) in this MM task.
随着年龄的增长，老年人通常会出现记忆失误。然而，除了一些例外情况，关于老年人评估自身记忆功能——元记忆（MM）——能力的研究几乎没有发现证据表明这种功能容易受到与年龄相关的衰退影响。我们的研究考察了老年人和年轻人的元记忆表现及策略运用。年轻人组（N = 138）和老年人组（N = 79）完成了一项元记忆任务，该任务要求参与者对自己记住列表中单词的可能性进行下注。我们的分析方法包括层次聚类，并且我们引入了一种新的元记忆测量方法——修正后的布里尔分数，以调整参与者之间量表使用的差异。我们的数据表明，老年人和年轻人在用于评估记忆的策略以及他们的元记忆与记忆表现的匹配程度方面存在差异。然而，没有证据表明所选择的策略与元记忆匹配度的差异相关，这表明在这项元记忆任务中可能有多种策略是有效的（即导致相似的匹配度）。
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