College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA.
J Osteopath Med. 2021 Feb 19;121(4):431-440. doi: 10.1515/jom-2020-0172.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus, which was once considered a disease affecting adults, is a growing problem among youths. Research now shows that T2D in youths is more progressive and associated with earlier onset of complications than adult-onset T2D.
To update practicing clinical physicians on what is currently known about pediatric T2D and share current guidelines to care for these patients.
The authors conducted a literature review through the MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov databases in July 2019 using the following search phrases: "youth-onset type 2 diabetes," "pediatric type 2 diabetes," "diabetes in youth," and "FDA-approved pediatric diabetes medications." Items published between 2010 and 2019 and written in English were included.
A total of 65 items were included after database review, including 44 articles, 10 FDA product inserts, six clinicaltrials.gov listings, three position statements/guideline documents, one website, and one FDA announcement.
There are very limited treatment options available to manage pediatric T2D. Prevention of pediatric T2D is paramount, which requires a high index of suspicion, routine screening of children and adolescents, and willingness to engage in family-based interventions for those at risk for prediabetes and T2D. Osteopathic physicians have a unique opportunity to help by applying the osteopathic principles to the whole person - including environmental, societal, and lifestyle factors - to help patients achieve their health and wellness goals.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）曾被认为是一种成人疾病，但如今在青少年中也越来越常见。研究表明，青少年 2 型糖尿病的进展更为迅速，且与成人发病的 2 型糖尿病相比，更容易更早出现并发症。
为临床医生提供有关儿科 2 型糖尿病的最新知识，并分享当前治疗这些患者的指南。
作者于 2019 年 7 月通过 MEDLINE/PubMed、Google Scholar 和 clinicaltrials.gov 数据库，使用以下搜索词进行文献回顾：“青年发病 2 型糖尿病”、“儿科 2 型糖尿病”、“青少年糖尿病”和“FDA 批准的儿科糖尿病药物”。纳入 2010 年至 2019 年间发表的、以英语撰写的文献。
数据库检索后共纳入 65 篇文献，包括 44 篇文章、10 份 FDA 产品说明书、6 份 clinicaltrials.gov 列表、3 份立场声明/指南文件、1 个网站和 1 份 FDA 公告。
目前治疗儿科 2 型糖尿病的选择非常有限。预防儿科 2 型糖尿病至关重要，这需要高度怀疑、常规筛查儿童和青少年，并愿意对有糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病风险的患者进行基于家庭的干预。整骨医生有独特的机会通过将整骨医学原理应用于整个人——包括环境、社会和生活方式因素——来帮助患者实现他们的健康和保健目标。
