Dadsena Shashank, Zollo Cristiana, García-Sáez Ana J
Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2021 Apr 30;49(2):663-674. doi: 10.1042/BST20200522.
Mitochondria are double-membrane bound organelles that not only provide energy for intracellular metabolism, but also play a key role in the regulation of cell death. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), allowing the release of intermembrane space proteins like cytochrome c, is considered a point of no return in apoptosis. MOMP is controlled by the proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family, including pro-and anti-apoptotic members, whose balance determines the decision between cell death and survival. Other factors such as membrane lipid environment, membrane dynamics, and inter-organelle communications are also known to influence this process. MOMP and apoptosis have been acknowledged as immunologically silent. Remarkably, a growing body of evidence indicates that MOMP can engage in various pro-inflammatory signaling functions. In this mini-review, we discuss about our current knowledge on the mechanisms of mitochondrial apoptosis, as well as the involvement of mitochondria in other kinds of programmed cell death pathways.
线粒体是具有双层膜结构的细胞器，不仅为细胞内代谢提供能量，还在细胞死亡的调控中发挥关键作用。线粒体外膜通透性改变（MOMP）会导致细胞色素c等膜间隙蛋白释放，被认为是细胞凋亡中不可逆转的关键点。MOMP受B细胞淋巴瘤2（BCL-2）家族蛋白控制，该家族包括促凋亡和抗凋亡成员，它们之间的平衡决定了细胞生死的抉择。其他因素如膜脂环境、膜动力学和细胞器间通讯也会影响这一过程。MOMP和细胞凋亡一直被认为是免疫沉默的。值得注意的是，越来越多的证据表明MOMP可参与多种促炎信号功能。在这篇小型综述中，我们讨论了目前关于线粒体凋亡机制的知识，以及线粒体在其他类型程序性细胞死亡途径中的作用。
