Hornby P J, Demski L S
Physiology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
Brain Behav Evol. 1988;31(3):181-92. doi: 10.1159/000116585.
Neural control of heart rate (HR) was investigated in goldfish, Carassius auratus, using electrical stimulation of the brain. Three types of HR response were evoked by stimulation: HR decreases during stimulation (type I); HR increases during stimulation (type II), and HR decreases during stimulation, followed by increased rates at the offset (type III). Type I bradycardias were evoked by stimulation of the preoptic area and diencephalon, specifically in the ventral thalamus-dorsal hypothalamus transitional area, and the region dorsal and medial to the nucleus glomerulosus. Additional sites were located above crossing tectobulbar fibers in the midbrain and in basolateral medullary reticular areas, motor nucleus of the vagus and caudalmost vagal roots. Type II tachycardias were evoked by stimulation of sites in the dorsal telencephalon, inferior lobes of the hypothalamus and dorsomedial region of the vagal lobes. Type III rebound tachycardias were evoked from sites dorsal and medial to the nucleus glomerulosus and in the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus. The location of cardioactive sites in the brain in goldfish is comparable to that in other vertebrates; however, these cardiac responses may be mediated by faciliatory or inhibitory pathways to the vagal motor nuclei rather than sympathetic cardiac nerves.
利用对大脑的电刺激，研究了金鱼（Carassius auratus）心率（HR）的神经控制。刺激引发了三种类型的心率反应：刺激期间心率降低（I型）；刺激期间心率增加（II型），以及刺激期间心率降低，随后在刺激结束时心率增加（III型）。I型心动过缓是由对视前区和间脑的刺激引起的，特别是在腹侧丘脑 - 背侧下丘脑过渡区，以及肾小球核背侧和内侧区域。其他部位位于中脑交叉的顶盖延髓纤维上方以及延髓基底外侧网状区域、迷走神经运动核和最尾侧的迷走神经根。II型心动过速是由对背侧端脑、下丘脑下叶和迷走叶背内侧区域的刺激引起的。III型反弹性心动过速是由肾小球核背侧和内侧区域以及下丘脑下叶的部位引发的。金鱼大脑中心脏活动位点的位置与其他脊椎动物相当；然而，这些心脏反应可能是由通向迷走运动核的促进或抑制途径介导的，而不是由交感心脏神经介导的。
