USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agriculture, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2021 Jul 16;58(4):1771-1778. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab027.
Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae/brunneum (Metchnikoff)/Petch have shown promising results for managing the house fly, Musca domestica L. A primary challenge of using these biological control agents (BCAs) in field situations is the time required to induce high adult house fly mortality, typically 6-7 d post-exposure. In this study, virulence of M. anisopliae (strain F52) and four B. bassiana strains were compared. The B. bassiana strains GHA and HF23 are used in commercial products and those were compared with two strains that were isolated from house flies on dairy farms (NFH10 and L90). Assays were conducted by exposing adult house flies to fungal-treated filter paper disks for 2 h. The lethal time to 50% mortality (LT50) at the high concentration of 1 × 109 conidia ranged from 3.8 to 5.2 d for all five strains. GHA, NFH10, and L90 killed flies faster than M. anisopliae strain F52; HF23 did not differ from either the M. anisopliae or the other B. bassiana strains. Attempts with the NFH10 strain to induce faster fly mortality through selection across 10 fungal to fly passages did not result in shorter time to fly death of the selected strain compared with the unselected strain.
绿僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）（Balsamo）Vuillemin 和金龟子绿僵菌（Metarhizium anisopliae/brunneum）（Metchnikoff）/Petch 等昆虫病原真菌在防治家蝇（Musca domestica L.）方面显示出了良好的效果。在田间使用这些生物防治剂（BCAs）的一个主要挑战是需要时间来诱导家蝇成虫高死亡率，通常在暴露后 6-7 天。在这项研究中，比较了金龟子绿僵菌（菌株 F52）和四种绿僵菌菌株的毒力。绿僵菌菌株 GHA 和 HF23 用于商业产品，与从奶牛场家蝇上分离的两个菌株（NFH10 和 L90）进行了比较。通过将成年家蝇暴露于真菌处理过的滤纸圆盘 2 小时来进行测定。高浓度 1×109 个分生孢子时的半数致死时间（LT50）对于所有五个菌株均在 3.8 到 5.2 天之间。GHA、NFH10 和 L90 使苍蝇的死亡率比金龟子绿僵菌菌株 F52 更快；HF23 与金龟子绿僵菌或其他绿僵菌菌株没有差异。NFH10 菌株通过在 10 个真菌到苍蝇的传代中进行选择来尝试更快地诱导苍蝇死亡，但与未选择的菌株相比，选择菌株的苍蝇死亡时间并没有缩短。
