Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on hospital admissions and outcome of acute coronary syndromes in a single high-volume centre in southeastern Europe.

BACKGROUND

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic status, authors from the most severely affected countries have reported reduced rates of hospital admissions for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

AIM

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on hospital admissions and outcomes in ACS patients in a single high-volume centre in southeastern Europe.

METHODS

This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the number of hospital admissions for ACS, clinical findings at admission, length of hospitalisation, major complications and in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak and to compare the data with the same parameters during an equivalent time frame in 2019. For the ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) subgroup of patients, changes in ischaemic times were analysed as well.

RESULTS

There was a significant reduction of 44.3% in the number of patients admitted for ACS during the COVID-19 outbreak when compared with the same period in 2019 (151 vs 271; 95% confidence interval 38.4-50.2, p < 0.01) with a higher mortality rate (13.2% vs 7.2%, p = 0.03). In 2020, patients with non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction presented more often with acute heart failure (3.3% vs 0.7%, p = 0.04). During the COVID-19 outbreak, we observed increases in the total ischaemic time (303 ± 163.4 vs 200.8 ± 156.8 min, p < 0.05) and door-to-balloon time (69.2 ± 58.4 vs 50.5 ± 31.3 min, p < 0.01) in STEMI patients.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings should increase the awareness of morbidity and mortality related to missed or delayed treatment of ACS among the public and the healthcare services.