Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Neurochem. 2021 Jun;157(5):1585-1614. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15343. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
Alcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse consequences. A main challenge of addiction treatment is to prevent relapse, which occurs in more than >50% of newly abstinent patients with alcohol disorder within 3 months. In people suffering from alcohol addiction, stressful events, drug-associated cues and contexts, or re-exposure to a small amount of alcohol trigger a chain of behaviors that frequently culminates in relapse. In this review, we first present the preclinical models that were developed for the study of alcohol seeking behavior, namely the reinstatement model of alcohol relapse and compulsive alcohol seeking under a chained schedule of reinforcement. We then provide an overview of the neurobiological findings obtained using these animal models, focusing on the role of opioids systems, corticotropin-release hormone and neurokinins, followed by dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmissions in alcohol seeking behavior.
酒精成瘾是一种慢性复发性脑部疾病，其特征是尽管有不良后果，但仍无法停止或控制饮酒。成瘾治疗的主要挑战是预防复发，在 3 个月内，超过 50%的新戒酒的酒精障碍患者会出现复发。在患有酒精成瘾的人群中，压力事件、与药物相关的线索和环境，或重新接触少量酒精会引发一连串行为，这些行为常常导致复发。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了用于研究酒精觅药行为的临床前模型，即酒精复发的复吸模型和强化连锁时间表下的强迫性酒精觅药。然后，我们概述了使用这些动物模型获得的神经生物学发现，重点介绍了阿片样物质系统、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素和神经激肽在觅酒行为中的作用，其次是多巴胺能、谷氨酸能和 GABA 能神经传递。
