Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Equine Clinic - Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Equine Vet J. 2022 Mar;54(2):379-389. doi: 10.1111/evj.13444. Epub 2021 Mar 28.
Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) research is in its infancy. Information regarding prevalence, geographical distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and risk factors enhances understanding of this potentially fatal infection.
Determining the prevalence of EqPV-H in Austrian equids. Investigating factors increasing probability of infection, liver-associated biochemistry parameters, concurrent equine hepacivirus (EqHV) infection and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV-H variants.
Cross-sectional study.
Sera from 259 horses and 13 donkeys in Austria were analysed for anti-EqPV-H VP1-specific antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) and EqPV-H DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between infection status, sex and age were described. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bile acids and albumin concentrations were compared between horses with active infection and PCR-negative horses. PCR targeting partial EqPV-H NS1 was performed and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV-H variants was conducted. Complete coding sequences (CDS) of four Austrian variants were determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and compared with published sequences.
Horses' EqPV-H seroprevalence was 30.1% and DNA prevalence was 8.9%. One horse was co-infected with EqHV. Significantly, higher probability of active EqPV-H infection was identified in 16- to 31-year-old horses, compared with 1- to 8-year-old horses (P = 0.002; OR = 8.19; 95% CI = 1.79 to 37.50) and 9- to 15-year-old horses (P = 0.03; OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.08 to 8.17). Liver-associated plasma parameters were not significantly different between horses with active infection and controls. Austrian EqPV-H variants revealed high similarity to sequences worldwide. No evidence of EqPV-H was detected in donkeys.
Equids' inclusion depended upon owner consent. There was only one sampling point per animal and the sample of donkeys was small.
EqPV-H antibodies and DNA are frequently detected in Austrian horses, without associated hepatitis in horses with active infection. The risk of active EqPV-H infection increases with increasing age. Phylogenetic evidence supports close relation of EqPV-H variants globally, including Austrian variants.
马细小病毒肝炎（EqPV-H）的研究还处于起步阶段。了解其流行率、地理分布、遗传多样性、发病机制和危险因素，有助于加深对这种潜在致命感染的认识。
确定奥地利马属动物中 EqPV-H 的流行率。研究增加感染概率的因素、与肝脏相关的生化参数、同时感染的马属肝病毒（EqHV）以及奥地利 EqPV-H 变异株的系统进化分析。
横断面研究。
应用荧光素酶免疫沉淀系统（LIPS）检测 259 匹马和 13 头驴的抗 EqPV-H VP1 特异性抗体，用巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测 EqPV-H DNA。描述感染状态、性别和年龄之间的关系。比较感染和非感染马的谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）、胆汁酸和白蛋白浓度。对 EqPV-H NS1 进行部分 PCR 靶向检测，并对奥地利 EqPV-H 变异株进行系统进化分析。通过下一代测序（NGS）确定 4 个奥地利变异株的完整编码序列（CDS），并与已发表的序列进行比较。
马属 EqPV-H 的血清流行率为 30.1%，DNA 流行率为 8.9%。一匹马同时感染了 EqHV。与 1-8 岁和 9-15 岁的马相比，16-31 岁的马感染 EqPV-H 的可能性显著更高（P=0.002；OR=8.19；95%CI=1.79 至 37.50）和 9-15 岁的马（P=0.03；OR=2.96；95%CI=1.08 至 8.17）。感染和非感染马的肝脏相关血浆参数无显著差异。奥地利 EqPV-H 变异株与世界各地的序列高度相似。在驴中未检测到 EqPV-H。
根据主人的同意来决定是否纳入马属动物。每个动物只有一个采样点，而且驴的样本量很小。
奥地利马的 EqPV-H 抗体和 DNA 经常被检测到，但在感染活跃的马中没有与之相关的肝炎。感染 EqPV-H 的风险随着年龄的增加而增加。系统进化证据支持 EqPV-H 变异株在全球范围内密切相关，包括奥地利的变异株。
