LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Cytometry A. 2021 Apr;99(4):343-347. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.24335. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Genome size information is sparse across fungi, with information being available for less than 2000 species. So far, most records have been obtained using static, microscope-based cytometry methods or derived from genome sequencing projects. Flow cytometry is now considered the state-of-the-art method for obtaining genome size measurements, and appropriate methods and DNA standards are available, enabling the analysis of most genome size ranges in a rapid, robust and inexpensive way. The average fungal genome size is 60 Mbp, but sizes vary across phylogeny, ranging from 2.2 (Encephalitozoon romaleae) to 3706 Mbp (Jafnea semitosta). In several fungal clades, genome size expansion seems to accompany evolution either to plant mutualism or to plant parasitism (particularly biotrophy), and fungi that interact with plants seem to have larger genomes than saprobes and those that interact with animals. Whereas flow cytometry for nuclear DNA quantification is routinely employed in plant sciences for genome size and ploidy studies, its use in fungal biology is still infrequent. Appropriate standards, methods and best practices are described here, with the aim of stimulating a more generalized and widespread use of flow cytometry for fungal genome size measurement.
真菌的基因组大小信息相对较少，目前仅有不到 2000 个物种的相关信息可供参考。到目前为止，大多数记录都是通过静态、基于显微镜的细胞计量学方法获得的，或者是从基因组测序项目中得出的。流式细胞术现在被认为是获取基因组大小测量值的最先进方法，并且已经有了适当的方法和 DNA 标准，可以快速、稳健且廉价地分析大多数基因组大小范围。真菌的平均基因组大小为 60Mbp，但大小在系统发育上存在差异，范围从 2.2（Encephalitozoon romaleae）到 3706 Mbp（Jafnea semitosta）。在几个真菌类群中，基因组大小的扩张似乎伴随着与植物共生或植物寄生（特别是生物营养）的进化，与植物相互作用的真菌似乎比腐生菌和与动物相互作用的真菌具有更大的基因组。尽管用于核 DNA 定量的流式细胞术在植物科学中常用于基因组大小和倍性研究，但在真菌生物学中的应用仍然很少。本文描述了适当的标准、方法和最佳实践，旨在促进流式细胞术在真菌基因组大小测量中的更广泛应用。
