Pyrazole Agonist of the Apelin Receptor Improves Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Mice.

Apelin receptor agonism improves symptoms of metabolic syndrome. However, endogenous apelin peptides have short half-lives, making their utility as potential drugs limited. Previously, we had identified a novel pyrazole-based agonist scaffold. Systematic modification of this scaffold was performed to produce compounds with improved ADME properties. Compound with favorable agonist potency (cAMPi EC = 162 nM), human liver microsome stability ( = 62 min), and pharmacokinetic profile in rodents was identified. The compound was tested in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and metabolic syndrome for efficacy. Treatment with led to significant weight loss, hypophagia, improved glucose utilization, reduced liver steatosis, and improvement of disease-associated biomarkers. In conclusion, a small-molecule agonist of the apelin receptor has been identified that is suitable for investigation of the apelinergic system in DIO and perhaps other diseases where this receptor has been implicated to play a role.