生酮饮食对女性可行性、饱腹感、身体成分和代谢健康的影响：女性最佳碳水化合物分级研究（GLOW）。

Effect of a Free-Living Ketogenic Diet on Feasibility, Satiety, Body Composition, and Metabolic Health in Women: The Grading Level of Optimal Carbohydrate for Women (GLOW) Study.

机构信息

Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Clinical Mental Health Counseling, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

出版信息

J Am Coll Nutr. 2021 May-Jun;40(4):295-306. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1875338. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

DOI:10.1080/07315724.2021.1875338

PMID:33705257

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The study's purpose was to examine a free-living, ketogenic diet (WFKD) on feasibility, satiety, body composition, and metabolic health in women.

METHODS

Twenty-two women (age (yr.) 42.2 ± 8.1, Ht. (cm) 164.2 ± 5.9, BMI 27.3 ± 6.0) participated in a 21-day, free-living dietary intervention. Daily ketone measurements and satiety/craving surveys, weekly diet records, and PRE and POST assessments of anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, and fasted capillary-blood glucose (BG) and cholesterol panels were collected.

RESULTS

Women maintained calories (PRE: 1938 kcal vs POST: 1836 kcal) and protein (PRE: 17% vs POST: 20%) but decreased carbohydrate (PRE: 36% vs POST: 13%) and increased fat (PRE: 45% vs POST: 65%) PRE to POST ( ≤ 0.05). Daily self-reports suggested no changes in satiety or food cravings between PRE, WK 1, WK 2, and WK 3. Ketones increased (PRE 0.3 ± 0.2 mmol vs POST 0.8 ± 0.6 mmol) PRE to POST with significant differences between PRE and all other time points ( ≤ 0.05). Bodyweight (PRE: 73.9 kg vs POST: 72.3 kg) and body fat (PRE: 28.9 ± 13.4 kg vs POST 27. 4 ± 13.5 kg) decreased but there were no differences in fat-free mass PRE to POST ( ≤ 0.05). Systolic blood pressure decreased (PRE: 119.2 ± 8.9 mmHg vs POST: 109.5 ± 10.9 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure increased (PRE: 74.1 ± 7.5 mmHg vs POST: 78.8 ± 7.4 mmHg), and BG improved (94.0 ± 8.3 mg/dL vs POST 89.9 ± 9.0 mg/dL) PRE to POST ( ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) but TC/HDL decreased and low-density lipoprotein increased PRE to POST ( ≤ 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Women were able to maintain calories, improve body composition, blood pressure, and BG, increase ketones, and improve some but not all cholesterol markers after 21 days on a free-living WFKD.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在探讨生酮饮食（free-living, ketogenic diet，WFKD）对女性的可行性、饱腹感、身体成分和代谢健康的影响。

方法

22 名女性（年龄（岁）42.2±8.1，身高（cm）164.2±5.9，BMI 27.3±6.0）参与了为期 21 天的自由生活饮食干预。每日进行酮体测量和饱腹感/渴望调查，每周记录饮食，以及 PRE 和 POST 时的人体测量、身体成分、血压、空腹毛细血管血糖（BG）和胆固醇检测。

结果

女性在 PRE 和 POST 时分别保持热量（PRE：1938 kcal vs POST：1836 kcal）和蛋白质（PRE：17% vs POST：20%）摄入，但减少了碳水化合物（PRE：36% vs POST：13%）并增加了脂肪（PRE：45% vs POST：65%）（均≤0.05）。每日自我报告显示，PRE、WK1、WK2 和 WK3 时饱腹感或食物渴望没有变化。酮体水平升高（PRE：0.3±0.2 mmol vs POST：0.8±0.6 mmol）（PRE 与所有其他时间点相比均有显著差异，均≤0.05）。体重（PRE：73.9 kg vs POST：72.3 kg）和体脂肪（PRE：28.9±13.4 kg vs POST：27.4±13.5 kg）下降，但 PRE 和 POST 时去脂体重无差异（均≤0.05）。收缩压下降（PRE：119.2±8.9 mmHg vs POST：109.5±10.9 mmHg），舒张压升高（PRE：74.1±7.5 mmHg vs POST：78.8±7.4 mmHg），BG 改善（PRE：94.0±8.3 mg/dL vs POST：89.9±9.0 mg/dL）（均≤0.05）。TC、HDL 和 TG 无差异，但 TC/HDL 降低，LDL 升高（均≤0.05）。