Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.
Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
eNeuro. 2021 Apr 28;8(2). doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0435-20.2021. Print 2021 Mar-Apr.
Feeding and breathing are two functions vital to the survival of all vertebrate species. Throughout the evolution, vertebrates living in different environments have evolved drastically different modes of feeding and breathing through using diversified orofacial and pharyngeal (oropharyngeal) muscles. The oropharyngeal structures are controlled by hindbrain neural circuits. The developing hindbrain shares strikingly conserved organizations and gene expression patterns across vertebrates, thus begs the question of how a highly conserved hindbrain generates circuits subserving diverse feeding/breathing patterns. In this review, we summarize major modes of feeding and breathing and principles underlying their coordination in many vertebrate species. We provide a hypothesis for the existence of a common hindbrain circuit at the phylotypic embryonic stage controlling oropharyngeal movements that is shared across vertebrate species; and reconfiguration and repurposing of this conserved circuit give rise to more complex behaviors in adult higher vertebrates.
进食和呼吸是所有脊椎动物生存的两个至关重要的功能。在整个进化过程中，生活在不同环境中的脊椎动物通过使用多样化的口面部和咽（咽）肌肉，进化出了截然不同的进食和呼吸方式。咽结构由后脑神经回路控制。发育中的后脑在脊椎动物中具有惊人的保守组织和基因表达模式，因此不禁要问，高度保守的后脑如何产生支持不同进食/呼吸模式的回路。在这篇综述中，我们总结了许多脊椎动物的主要进食和呼吸模式以及它们协调的原则。我们提出了一个假设，即在胚胎阶段存在一个共同的后脑回路，控制着脊椎动物共享的咽运动；并且这个保守的回路的重新配置和重新用途导致了成年高等脊椎动物更复杂的行为。
