Afrashtehfar Kelvin I, Assery Mansour K A, Bryant S Ross
Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, 346 Ajman, UAE.
Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Berne CH, Switzerland.
Int J Dent. 2021 Feb 17;2021:6684028. doi: 10.1155/2021/6684028. eCollection 2021.
This review aimed to concisely describe the current aesthetic objective indices for a single-implant maxillary anterior crown. The secondary aim was to propose introducing a unified, standardized questionnaire for adequately collecting patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in implant dentistry.
A literature review was conducted using both EMBASE/Ovid and MEDLINE/PubMed databases by combining keywords and Emtree/Mesh terms related to "Esthetics," "Self-Assessment or Surveys and Questionnaires," and "Single-Tooth Dental Implants."
The most meaningful aesthetic objective indices for single implants in the literature are the Pink Esthetic Score (PES), the Papilla Presence Index (PPI), Peri-Implant and Crown Index (PICI), PES/White Esthetic Score (PES/WES), the Implant Crown Aesthetic Index (ICAI), and a modified version of the ICAI (mod-ICAI) index. Clearly, PES/WES is still the most widely accepted tool. It is encouraging to observe that there is an increasing tendency in recent years to report PROMs more frequently in the implant dentistry literature. We proposed the implementation of a unified, standardized questionnaire using a self-administered visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring system, which evaluates overall satisfaction, comfort, tooth appearance, gingival appearance, function, and hygiene complexity. This tool should be validated in the oral implantology research context for its regular implementation or further development.
Conducting qualitative studies among dental implant patients who received few implants or single-tooth implant reconstructions in the aesthetic zone may help dental researchers understand better how to efficiently develop and validate a quantitative instrument. This standard tool would reduce heterogeneity bias by providing comparable data between studies.
本综述旨在简要描述单颗种植上颌前牙冠目前的美学客观指标。次要目的是建议引入一份统一、标准化的问卷，以充分收集种植牙科中患者报告的结局指标（PROMs）。
通过结合与“美学”“自我评估或调查及问卷”以及“单颗牙种植体”相关的关键词和Emtree/Mesh术语，使用EMBASE/Ovid和MEDLINE/PubMed数据库进行文献综述。
文献中对于单颗种植体最有意义的美学客观指标是粉色美学评分（PES）、乳头存在指数（PPI）、种植体周围及牙冠指数（PICI）、PES/白色美学评分（PES/WES）、种植体牙冠美学指数（ICAI）以及ICAI的改良版（mod-ICAI）指数。显然，PES/WES仍然是最广泛接受的工具。令人鼓舞的是，近年来在种植牙科文献中越来越倾向于更频繁地报告PROMs。我们建议采用自我管理的视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分系统实施一份统一、标准化的问卷，该系统评估总体满意度、舒适度、牙齿外观、牙龈外观、功能以及卫生复杂性。此工具应在口腔种植学研究背景下进行验证，以便常规实施或进一步开发。
对在美学区域接受少量种植体或单颗牙种植体重建的种植患者进行定性研究，可能有助于牙科研究人员更好地理解如何高效开发和验证一种定量工具。这种标准工具将通过提供研究之间可比的数据来减少异质性偏差。
