Moayedfard Ahmad, Ghorbani Salar, Emamgholipour Sefiddashti Sara
Department of Economics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Public Health. 2020 Nov;49(11):2189-2193. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v49i11.4737.
Human capital is an effective variable on the health condition of a society and its changing changes health expenditure as the proxy of health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between human capital determinants and health expenditure.
An empirical model was used with 7 variables included gender parity (GPI) index, literacy rate, life expectancy at birth, GDP per capita, physician per capita, and hospital's bed as the independent variable and health expenditure as depended variable. After unit root test of data by using Zivot-Andrews method, the model was estimated by ordinary least square (OLS) method.
GPI had the negative and significant impact on health expenditure. Literacy had the positive and significant impact on depended variable. In addition, GDP per capita and life expectancy had positive and significant on health expenditure. Hospital bed and physician per capita did not have the significant relationship with health expenditure. The value of R-squared and Durbin-Watson statistic were 0.99 and 1.95 respectively, which showed good model fit.
literacy rate and GPI index as the proxy of human capital had the different impact on health expenditure. The first had positive and the latter had negative. GDP per capita had the positive impact that showed health was a normal good.
人力资本是影响社会健康状况的一个有效变量，其变化会改变作为健康指标的卫生支出。本研究旨在调查人力资本决定因素与卫生支出之间的关系。
采用一个实证模型，将性别平等指数（GPI）、识字率、出生时预期寿命、人均国内生产总值、人均医生数和医院病床数这7个变量作为自变量，卫生支出作为因变量。在使用齐沃特-安德鲁斯方法对数据进行单位根检验后，用普通最小二乘法（OLS）对模型进行估计。
GPI对卫生支出有负面且显著的影响。识字率对因变量有正面且显著的影响。此外，人均国内生产总值和预期寿命对卫生支出有正面且显著的影响。医院病床数和人均医生数与卫生支出没有显著关系。决定系数（R²）和杜宾-沃森统计量的值分别为0.99和1.95，表明模型拟合良好。
作为人力资本指标的识字率和GPI指数对卫生支出有不同影响。前者有正面影响，后者有负面影响。人均国内生产总值有正面影响，表明健康是一种正常商品。
