Enoki Shota, Kuramochi Rieko, Murata Yuki, Tokutake Gaku, Sakamoto Tatsuo, Shimizu Takuya
School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan.
Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2021 Feb 23;9(2):2325967120985616. doi: 10.1177/2325967120985616. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Pole vaulters and decathletes frequently experience several types of injuries to their lower back, often resulting in mechanical low back pain (LBP). However, the risk factors for the occurrence of LBP in these athletes have not been defined.
To determine the physical factors that relate to LBP occurrence for collegiate pole vaulters and decathletes.
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
We observed 31 pole vaulters and decathletes for 1 year. At the start of the observation period, isokinetic flexion and extension muscle strength of the knee and hip joints were recorded along with active and passive range of motion (ROM) and muscle tightness. Participants were then divided into 2 groups using the median value of each measurement: those below the median (low group) and those above the median (high group). The log-rank test was used to compare LBP occurrence between the low group and high group for all measurements. Multivariate regression analyses were thereafter applied using the Cox proportional hazards regression.
Log-rank tests revealed a statistically significant change in the survival curve for the occurrence of LBP in the participants with chronic LBP ( = .037), the low group for hip flexion peak torque per body weight on the non-takeoff leg ( = .047), and the low group for passive hip flexion angle on both legs (takeoff leg: = .034; non-takeoff leg: = .023). In addition, log-rank tests revealed a statistically significant change in the survival curve for the occurrence of LBP in the low group for passive hip extension angle on the takeoff leg only for the participants without chronic LBP ( = .014).
It may be necessary to acquire sufficient ROM and hip flexion to prevent LBP occurrence in pole vaulters and decathletes.
撑杆跳运动员和十项全能运动员经常会出现几种类型的下背部损伤，常导致机械性下背痛（LBP）。然而，这些运动员发生LBP的风险因素尚未明确。
确定与大学撑杆跳运动员和十项全能运动员LBP发生相关的身体因素。
队列研究；证据等级，2级。
我们对31名撑杆跳运动员和十项全能运动员进行了为期1年的观察。在观察期开始时，记录膝关节和髋关节的等速屈伸肌力以及主动和被动活动范围（ROM）和肌肉紧张度。然后，根据每项测量的中位数将参与者分为两组：中位数以下的组（低分组）和中位数以上的组（高分组）。采用对数秩检验比较低分组和高分组在所有测量中的LBP发生率。此后，使用Cox比例风险回归进行多变量回归分析。
对数秩检验显示，慢性LBP参与者（P = 0.037）、非起跳腿每体重髋关节屈曲峰值扭矩低分组（P = 0.047）以及双腿被动髋关节屈曲角度低分组（起跳腿：P = 0.034；非起跳腿：P = 0.023）的LBP发生生存曲线有统计学显著变化。此外，对数秩检验显示，仅对于无慢性LBP的参与者，起跳腿被动髋关节伸展角度低分组的LBP发生生存曲线有统计学显著变化（P = 0.014）。
对于撑杆跳运动员和十项全能运动员来说，可能有必要获得足够活动范围和髋关节屈曲以预防LBP的发生。
