Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(3):246-251. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1884235. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) is a promising technology for crash avoidance or pre-crash impact speed reduction through the automatic application of braking force. Implementation of AEB technology on motorcycles (MAEB) is still problematic as its interaction with the rider may compromise the safety. In previous studies, MAEB interventions at low decelerations were shown to be easily manageable by common riders in straight line condition, but they were not previously tested in lateral maneuvers such as lane change and swerving, which are common in pre-crash situations. The objective of this paper is to assess the applicability of MAEB activation during lateral avoidance maneuver and to estimate its benefits in this scenario.
Field tests were carried out involving common riders as participants, using a test protocol developed on the experience of previous studies. The test vehicle was a sport-touring motorcycle equipped with an automatic braking system that could be activated remotely by researchers to simulate MAEB intervention. The motorcycle was equipped with outriggers to prevent capsizing. The Automatic Braking (AB) interventions using a nominal deceleration of 0.3 g were deployed at pseudo-random times in conditions of straight-line travel and a sharp lane-change maneuver emulating a pre-crash avoidance action. The straight-line trials were used as the reference condition for analysis.
Thirty-one participants experienced AB interventions in straight-line and lane-change at an average speed of 44.5 km/h. The automatic braking was deployed in all the key phases of the avoidance maneuver. The system reached a deceleration of 0.3 g for a time of intervention of approximately 1 s. The participants were consistently able to control the vehicle during the automatic braking interventions and were always able to complete the lane-change maneuver. The speed reductions obtained with the AB interventions during lane change were very similar to those obtained in the straight-line conditions.
MAEB interventions with decelerations up to 0.3 g can be easily managed by motorcycle riders not only in straight-line conditions but also during an avoidance maneuver. Further investigations using higher deceleration values are now possible.
自动紧急制动（AEB）是一项很有前途的技术，可通过自动施加制动力来避免碰撞或降低预碰撞时的速度。摩托车的 AEB 技术（MAEB）的实施仍然存在问题，因为它与骑手的交互作用可能会危及安全。在之前的研究中，已表明在直线行驶条件下，普通骑手很容易控制 MAEB 在低速时的干预，但之前并未在侧向机动（如变道和转向）中对其进行测试，而这些机动在预碰撞情况下很常见。本文的目的是评估在侧向避让机动过程中激活 MAEB 的适用性，并估计在这种情况下的益处。
本研究使用基于先前研究经验制定的测试协议，进行了涉及普通骑手的现场测试。测试车辆是一辆运动旅行摩托车，配备了自动制动系统，研究人员可以远程激活该系统来模拟 MAEB 干预。摩托车配备了侧倾稳定器以防止倾覆。在直线行驶和模拟预碰撞避让动作的急转弯变道机动条件下，以 0.3g 的名义减速度随机部署自动制动（AB）干预。直线试验被用作分析的参考条件。
31 名参与者以 44.5km/h 的平均速度经历了直线和变道时的 AB 干预。在避让机动的所有关键阶段都部署了自动制动。系统达到了 0.3g 的减速度，干预时间约为 1 秒。参与者在自动制动干预过程中始终能够控制车辆，并始终能够完成变道机动。在变道过程中，AB 干预获得的速度降低与直线条件下获得的速度降低非常相似。
减速至 0.3g 的 MAEB 干预不仅在直线行驶条件下，而且在避让机动时，普通摩托车骑手都可以轻松控制。现在可以进行使用更高减速值的进一步研究。
