Life Sciences Department, University of The State of Bahia (UNEB), Bahia, Brazil.
Life Sciences Department, Nucleus of Research and Extension in Nutritional Genomics and Metabolic Dysfunctions (GENUT), University of The State of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, Brazil.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2021;77(1):16-22. doi: 10.1159/000514236. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
The aging process has great impact on body composition, such as the increase of adipose tissue in abdominal region, and the decrease of lean body mass, due to skeletal muscle loss. A reduction in muscle mass is associated to high risk of fractures and falls, loss of mobility, and increased number of hospitalizations. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a biological substance derived from leucine metabolism, with anabolic and anticatabolic properties. Some HMB effects are tissue repair stimulation and protein anabolism.
We aimed to evaluate the effects of HMB supplementation on body composition and muscle strength in elderly, as well as to identify the efficient dosages to reach these effects.
This review included studies that evaluated muscle mass and muscle strength, associated or not with physical exercise and diet in elderly people. Only studies published from 2008 to 2019 were selected for analysis.
Six articles were included in the review. The used doses varied from 1.5 to 3 g. In 5 studies, HMB supplementation was associated with calcium; only 1 study did not use the oral administration route. Two studies used 4 g of maltodextrin as a vehicle; 1 used HMB with a hypercaloric and hyperproteic supplement; 1 associated HMB with lysine and arginine; and 1 with arginine and glutamine. Supplementation of 3 g of HMB has shown to be most beneficial in improving strength and body composition in people over 65 years, especially in bed rest and untrained conditions.
Our findings suggest that HMB has a positive effect on body composition and strength, especially in bedridden or sedentary elderly, due to its anticatabolic properties.
衰老过程对身体成分有很大影响，例如腹部脂肪组织增加，以及由于骨骼肌损失导致瘦体重减少。肌肉质量的减少与骨折和跌倒的风险增加、活动能力丧失以及住院次数增加有关。β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸（HMB）是一种源自亮氨酸代谢的生物物质，具有合成代谢和抗分解代谢特性。HMB 的一些作用是刺激组织修复和蛋白质合成代谢。
我们旨在评估 HMB 补充剂对老年人身体成分和肌肉力量的影响，并确定达到这些效果的有效剂量。
本综述包括评估肌肉质量和肌肉力量的研究，这些研究与老年人的运动和饮食有关或无关。仅选择 2008 年至 2019 年发表的研究进行分析。
综述纳入了 6 篇文章。使用的剂量从 1.5 克到 3 克不等。在 5 项研究中，HMB 补充剂与钙一起使用；只有 1 项研究没有使用口服给药途径。有 2 项研究使用 4 克麦芽糊精作为载体；有 1 项研究使用 HMB 与高热量高蛋白补充剂；有 1 项研究将 HMB 与赖氨酸和精氨酸结合使用；还有 1 项研究将 HMB 与精氨酸和谷氨酰胺结合使用。补充 3 克 HMB 已被证明对改善 65 岁以上人群的力量和身体成分最有益，尤其是在卧床和未训练的情况下。
我们的研究结果表明，由于 HMB 的抗分解代谢特性，它对身体成分和力量有积极影响，特别是对卧床或久坐不动的老年人。
