Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Biomater Sci. 2021 Jun 15;9(12):4246-4259. doi: 10.1039/d0bm01852j.
Cartilage regeneration and repair remain a clinical challenge due to the limited capability of cartilage to self-regenerate. Worldwide, the costs associated with cartilage regeneration per patient are estimated on average £30 000 for producing and supplying cells. Regenerative approaches may include the use of cell therapies and tissue engineering by combining relevant cells, scaffolds and instructive biomolecules to stimulate or modulate cartilage repair. Hydrogels have been of great interest within these fields to be used as 3D substrates to cultivate and grow cartilage cells. Currently, biomimetic hydrogels with adequate biological and physicochemical properties, such as mechanical properties, capable of supporting load-bearing capability, are yet to succeed. In this review, biomaterials' advantages and disadvantages for the manufacturing of biomimetic hydrogels for cartilage regeneration are presented. Different studies on the formulation of cartilage-like hydrogels based on materials such as gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and polyethylene glycol are summarised and contrasted in terms of their mechanical properties (e.g. elastic modulus) and ability to enhance cell function such as cell viability and GAG content. Current limitations and challenges of biomimetic hydrogels for cartilage regeneration are also presented.
由于软骨自身再生能力有限，软骨的再生和修复仍然是一个临床挑战。在全球范围内，每位患者进行软骨再生的相关成本估计平均为 £30000，其中包括细胞的生产和供应。再生方法可能包括使用细胞疗法和组织工程，将相关细胞、支架和有指导作用的生物分子结合起来，以刺激或调节软骨修复。水凝胶在这些领域中受到极大关注，可用作三维基质来培养和生长软骨细胞。目前，具有足够的生物和物理化学特性（如机械性能，能够支持承载能力）的仿生水凝胶仍然难以成功。在这篇综述中，介绍了用于软骨再生的仿生水凝胶制造的生物材料的优缺点。总结了基于明胶、硫酸软骨素、透明质酸和聚乙二醇等材料的类软骨水凝胶配方的不同研究，并根据其机械性能（如弹性模量）和增强细胞功能（如细胞活力和 GAG 含量）的能力进行了对比。还介绍了仿生水凝胶用于软骨再生的当前局限性和挑战。
