US EPA ORD, CEMM, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA.
US EPA OLEM, OSRTI, Environmental Response Team, Edison, New Jersey, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2021 Nov;17(6):1215-1228. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4409. Epub 2021 May 25.
From 1859 to 1948, the Dover Gas Light plant produced combustible gas for industrial, commercial, and residential applications using pine resin, coking coal, oil, and wood, and finally, a coal-gas process. Waste coal tar was discharged into the St. Jones River in Dover, Delaware (USA), via a ditch and culvert and, following plant closure in the 1940s, through groundwater flow from structures buried on the site. By the end of the 20th century, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination of the sediments in the St. Jones River was suspected to have occurred, and state and federal agencies initiated environmental assessments of the newly designated Superfund site. The current study investigated the spatial distributions of total PAHs in St. Jones River sediments adjacent to the site and evaluated their bioavailability. In 2017, 34 sediment cores were collected, sectioned, and analyzed using an on-site fluorometric screening technology indicating total PAH sediment concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 15 000 mg/kg (wet). A subset of cores involving 20 samples of various depths was selected and further analyzed by conventional GC/MS analysis for 16 parent PAHs. In addition, a 34-day in situ deployment of polyethylene passive samplers was performed to measure vertical bioavailability profiles of parent PAHs in sediments at three locations and overlying waters at four stations. Freely dissolved concentrations (C ) of total PAHs were estimated based on equilibrium partitioning (EqP) of the GC/MS results and the passive sampling findings. C values were used to calculate acute and chronic toxic units ranging from 1.4 to 56, based on EqP and 1.3 to 15 based on passive sampling. For six samples where comparative data were available, EqP calculations overestimated bioavailability by < 2- to 54-fold. Combining rapid field measurements with more accurate analyses of sediment concentrations and bioavailability in a tiered framework supported a time-efficient and cost-effective site investigation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1215-1228. © Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
从 1859 年到 1948 年，多佛煤气灯厂使用松脂、炼焦煤、油和木材，最终采用煤气化工艺，为工业、商业和住宅应用生产可燃气体。在工厂于 20 世纪 40 年代关闭后，多佛（特拉华州，美国）的圣琼斯河通过沟渠和涵洞将废煤焦油排放到河里，以及通过埋藏在现场的建筑物中的地下水流动排放。到 20 世纪末，怀疑圣琼斯河沉积物中的多环芳烃（PAH）受到污染，州和联邦机构对新指定的超级基金场地进行了环境评估。本研究调查了靠近该场地的圣琼斯河沉积物中总多环芳烃的空间分布，并评估了它们的生物利用度。2017 年，采集了 34 个沉积物岩芯，进行了现场荧光筛选技术分析，表明总多环芳烃沉积物浓度范围为 0.1 至 15000 毫克/千克（湿重）。选择了一组涉及各种深度的 20 个样本的岩芯，并进一步通过常规 GC/MS 分析对 16 种母体多环芳烃进行了分析。此外，还在三个位置的沉积物和四个站位的上覆水中进行了 34 天的聚乙烯被动采样器原位部署，以测量母体多环芳烃的垂直生物利用度分布。根据 GC/MS 结果和被动采样结果的平衡分配（EqP），估算了总多环芳烃的自由溶解浓度（C ）。基于 EqP，根据被动采样结果计算了从 1.4 到 56 的急性和慢性毒性单位。对于有比较数据的六个样本，EqP 计算高估了生物利用度 2 至 54 倍。在分层框架中结合快速现场测量和对沉积物浓度和生物利用度的更准确分析，支持了高效和具有成本效益的现场调查。2021 年环境综合评估与管理。17：1215-1228。版权所有 2021。本文是美国政府的一项工作，在美国属于公有领域。
