Qiu Shilei, Wang Zilong, Geng Shuaishuai
College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China.
College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jun 1;287:112282. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112282. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
This study investigates the impact of environmental regulations (ERs) and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the industrial sectors in 30 provinces in China by controlling human capital, technological innovation, energy structure, degree of opening up, and ownership structure for the period of 2004-2017. This not only helps to explain the influence path of ERs and FDI on green economic growth, but also effectively measures the moderating effect of ERs on technology spillover from FDI. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between ERs, FDI and industrial GTFP from the perspective of regional heterogeneity, focusing on studying how ERs regulate the impact of FDI on GTFP. By constructing an influence mechanism of ERs and FDI on industrial GTFP, this study employs the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) model and dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) model to analyze the effects of ERs, FDI and their cross-terms on GTFP. The empirical results show that (1) the relationship between ERs and GTFP is not linear, but "U"-shaped and China is still in the left half of the "U"-shaped curve; (2) FDI flowing into China has a "pollution heaven" effect on the GTFP in the eastern and central regions while a "pollution halo" effect on the GTFP in the western region; (3) the strengthening of ERs weakens the negative effect of FDI on GTFP and plays a role in "screening" foreign investment; and (4) the spatial heterogeneity could affect the synergistic effect between ERs and FDI. Therefore, it is necessary for China to consider a series of environmental policies to "screen" inward FDI to ensure its move to a green economy benefits its own sustainable development by contributing to the increase in GTFP.
本研究通过控制2004 - 2017年期间的人力资本、技术创新、能源结构、开放程度和所有制结构，考察环境规制（ERs）和外国直接投资（FDI）对中国30个省份工业部门绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）的影响。这不仅有助于解释环境规制和外国直接投资对绿色经济增长的影响路径，还能有效衡量环境规制对外国直接投资技术溢出的调节作用。本文旨在从区域异质性的角度探讨环境规制、外国直接投资与工业绿色全要素生产率之间的关系，重点研究环境规制如何调节外国直接投资对绿色全要素生产率的影响。通过构建环境规制和外国直接投资对工业绿色全要素生产率的影响机制，本研究采用可行广义最小二乘法（FGLS）模型和动态广义矩估计（GMM）模型来分析环境规制、外国直接投资及其交叉项对绿色全要素生产率的影响。实证结果表明：（1）环境规制与绿色全要素生产率之间的关系不是线性的，而是呈“U”形，中国仍处于“U”形曲线的左半部分；（2）流入中国的外国直接投资对东部和中部地区的绿色全要素生产率有“污染天堂”效应，而对西部地区的绿色全要素生产率有“污染光环”效应；（3）环境规制的加强削弱了外国直接投资对绿色全要素生产率的负面影响，并起到“筛选”外国投资的作用；（4）空间异质性可能影响环境规制与外国直接投资之间的协同效应。因此，中国有必要考虑一系列环境政策来“筛选”内向外国直接投资，以确保其向绿色经济转型有利于自身可持续发展，促进绿色全要素生产率的提高。
