Department of Applied Financial Economics, College of Economics & Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Finance and Economics Development Research Center, College of Economics & Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 10;18(6):2839. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062839.
In recent years, China has gradually become one of the countries with the largest levels of foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI has played a significant role in promoting Chinese economic development, and the FDI technology spillover effect is one of the core forces driving China towards reaching new growth milestones. Therefore, due to the country's interest in development, there is competition for FDI throughout China. However, the existing imperfect environmental protection system cannot prevent FDI from flowing into China's highly polluting and resource-intensive industrial chain, possibly causing serious environmental problems. Therefore, the topic of properly introducing foreign capital to promote development and effectively end China's current environmental pollution crisis has become a research focus. To explore FDI's impact on China's economic growth, technological innovation, and environmental pollution, we use Chinese provincial panel data for 2004-2016 to construct a dynamic panel simultaneous-equation model. Considering the interrelationships between the equations, we construct economic models of economic growth, technological innovation, and pollution emissions, and incorporate them into the same research system for generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. Our results show that FDI has a significant and positive direct impact on China's economic growth and technological innovation, and can furthermore have a significant pull effect on the domestic economy through the backward spillover channel. At the same time, FDI has a direct and significant impact on the increase in regional waste-water discharge, while exhibiting a pollution halo effect on the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions directly. In addition, we observe "benign feedback mechanism" between technological innovation output and these three types of pollution, namely SO emission, COD emissions, and ammonia and nitrogen discharge.
近年来，中国逐渐成为吸引外国直接投资（FDI）最多的国家之一。FDI 在推动中国经济发展方面发挥了重要作用，FDI 技术溢出效应是推动中国迈向新增长阶段的核心力量之一。因此，由于国家发展的利益，中国各地都存在 FDI 的竞争。然而，现有的不完善的环境保护体系无法阻止 FDI 流入中国高污染、高资源密集型的产业链，可能会造成严重的环境问题。因此，如何正确引入外资以促进发展，有效解决中国当前的环境污染危机，已成为研究的重点。为了探讨 FDI 对中国经济增长、技术创新和环境污染的影响，我们利用 2004-2016 年中国省级面板数据构建了一个动态面板联立方程模型。考虑到方程之间的相互关系，我们构建了经济增长、技术创新和污染排放的经济模型，并将它们纳入同一个广义矩法（GMM）估计的研究体系。结果表明，FDI 对中国经济增长和技术创新具有显著的正向直接影响，并通过后向溢出渠道对国内经济产生显著的拉动效应。同时，FDI 对区域污水排放量的增加具有直接且显著的影响，同时对二氧化硫（SO）和化学需氧量（COD）排放的直接排放具有污染光环效应。此外，我们观察到技术创新产出与这三种污染（即 SO 排放、COD 排放和氨氮排放）之间存在“良性反馈机制”。
