Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Methods Enzymol. 2021;649:219-251. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.016. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) act upon lipid membranes and appropriate model systems are of great importance in researching these proteins. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are an excellent model membrane system to study interactions between lipids and proteins. Their main advantage is the size comparable to cells, which means that GUVs can be observed directly under the light microscope. Many PFTs properties can be studied by using GUVs, such as binding specificity, membrane reorganization upon protein binding and oligomerization, pore properties and mechanism of pore formation. GUVs also represent a good model for biotechnological approaches, e.g., in applications in synthetic biology and medicine. Each research area has its own demands for GUVs properties, so several different approaches for GUVs preparations have been developed and will be discussed in this chapter.
孔形成毒素（PFTs）作用于脂膜，适当的模型系统对于研究这些蛋白质非常重要。巨大的单层囊泡（GUVs）是研究脂质和蛋白质之间相互作用的优秀模型膜系统。它们的主要优点是与细胞相当的大小，这意味着 GUVs 可以在光显微镜下直接观察。许多 PFTs 的特性可以通过使用 GUVs 来研究，例如结合特异性、蛋白结合和寡聚化时的膜重组、孔特性以及孔形成的机制。GUVs 也是生物技术方法的良好模型，例如在合成生物学和医学中的应用。每个研究领域对 GUVs 的特性都有自己的要求，因此已经开发了几种不同的 GUVs 制备方法，本章将对其进行讨论。
