Pino-Otín María Rosa, Langa Elisa, Val Jonatan, Mainar Ana M, Ballestero Diego
Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain.
I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jun 1;287:112303. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112303. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
Citronellol is an acyclic monoterpenoid with a wide range of pharmacological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, anti-lice, repellent, lipolytic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anti-cholesterol, among other) and potential to replace synthetic products. However, the impact of citronellol on the environment remains unknown. We analysed, for the first time, the environmental impact of citronellol on river and soil environments using non-target model organisms and natural populations. The acute toxicity of citronellol on the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna, the plant Allium cepa L and the earthworm Eisenia fetida was quantified. The effect of citronellol in a river ecosystem was analysed using river periphyton communities taxonomically characterised and a river microbial community characterised through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, a microbial community from natural soil was used to monitor the effect of citronellol on the soil ecosystem. The results showed that E. fetida was most sensitive to citronellol (LC = 12.34 mg/L), followed by D. magna (LC = 14.11 mg/L). Citronellol affected the photosynthesis of the fluvial periphyton (LC = 94.10 mg/L) and was phytotoxic for A. cepa. Furthermore, citronellol modified the growth and metabolism of both fluvial (LC = 0.19% v/v) and edaphic (LC = 5.07% v/v) bacterial populations. The metabolism of the microorganisms in the soil and water exposed to citronellol decreased with respect to the control, especially their ability to metabolise carbohydrates. Our results show that citronellol has a negative impact on the environment. Although acute effects cannot be expected, it is necessary to quantify the environmental levels as well as the long-term and persistent effects of this monoterpene.
香茅醇是一种无环单萜类化合物，具有广泛的药理活性（抗菌、抗真菌、抗虱、驱虫、脂解、抗过敏、抗炎、解痉、抗糖尿病、抗胆固醇等），并且有取代合成产品的潜力。然而，香茅醇对环境的影响仍然未知。我们首次使用非靶标模式生物和自然种群分析了香茅醇对河流和土壤环境的环境影响。对香茅醇对水生无脊椎动物大型溞、植物洋葱和蚯蚓赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性进行了量化。利用分类学特征化的河流附生植物群落和通过16S rRNA基因测序表征的河流微生物群落分析了香茅醇在河流生态系统中的作用。最后，使用来自天然土壤的微生物群落监测香茅醇对土壤生态系统的影响。结果表明，赤子爱胜蚓对香茅醇最敏感（LC = 12.34 mg/L），其次是大型溞（LC = 14.11 mg/L）。香茅醇影响河流附生植物的光合作用（LC = 94.10 mg/L），并且对洋葱具有植物毒性。此外，香茅醇改变了河流（LC = 0.19% v/v）和土壤（LC = 5.07% v/v）细菌种群的生长和代谢。与对照相比，暴露于香茅醇的土壤和水中微生物的代谢下降，尤其是它们代谢碳水化合物的能力。我们的结果表明，香茅醇对环境有负面影响。虽然不能预期有急性影响，但有必要量化这种单萜在环境中的含量以及其长期和持久影响。
