Lv Juan, Ou Changyuan, Fu Mengya, Xu Zhiwei
School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2021 Aug;276:130147. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130147. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
Venlafaxine, a representative antidepressant, has been detected frequently in aquatic environments. The treatment of venlafaxine by free chlorine (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO) was investigated in this study. The effects of operational variables and the water matrix on venlafaxine degradation were evaluated. The transformation pathways of venlafaxine were also studied. The results indicated that venlafaxine was removed efficiently during disinfection processes, especially when reacted with ClO. A higher dosage of disinfectant and mildly alkaline conditions (pH 9) enhanced the degradation of venlafaxine. The reactions were impacted when the tests were conducted in real water matrices, especially in secondary effluent. The presence of chloride and low concentrations of fulvic acid enhanced venlafaxine decomposition. The presence of Br also accelerated the reaction between venlafaxine and NaOCl. However, NO inhibited venlafaxine removal in both disinfection processes. Six intermediates were identified during venlafaxine degradation by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the main reactions included dehydration and demethylation.
文拉法辛是一种典型的抗抑郁药，在水生环境中经常被检测到。本研究考察了游离氯（次氯酸钠）和二氧化氯对文拉法辛的处理效果。评估了操作变量和水基质对文拉法辛降解的影响。还研究了文拉法辛的转化途径。结果表明，在消毒过程中，文拉法辛能被有效去除，尤其是与二氧化氯反应时。较高的消毒剂剂量和弱碱性条件（pH 9）能增强文拉法辛的降解。在实际水基质中进行试验时，反应会受到影响，尤其是在二级出水中。氯化物和低浓度富里酸的存在会增强文拉法辛的分解。溴的存在也加速了文拉法辛与次氯酸钠之间的反应。然而，在两种消毒过程中，硝酸盐都会抑制文拉法辛的去除。通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法在文拉法辛降解过程中鉴定出六种中间体，主要反应包括脱水和脱甲基。
