Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(10):27041-27055. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23667-5. Epub 2022 Nov 14.
Psychiatric drugs released by humans in wastewater have received more attention because of their potential risks for aquatic organisms. In this study, the occurrence of the two most common groups of psychiatric drugs (sedatives-hypnotics-anxiolytics and antidepressants) were evaluated in the Tehran South Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. All the target sedatives-hypnotics-anxiolytics (alprazolam, phenobarbital, and thioridazine) and antidepressants (fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, and venlafaxine) were observed in influent and secondary clarification (SC) effluent. Thioridazine (164.25 ± 218.74 ng/L) and citalopram (672.53 ± 938.56 ng/L) had the highest mean concentrations in the influent, while alprazolam (5.09 ± 2.33 ng/L) and citalopram (776.97 ± 1088.01 ng/L) had the highest concentrations in the SC effluent. The higher concentrations of the psychiatric drugs, except thioridazine, were detected in the SC effluent compared to the concentrations in the influent. The increased drugs concentrations, with negative removal efficiencies, were more distinctive in the cold season samples. Psychiatric drugs processed in the chlorination unit followed a completely different pattern compared to the drugs in the biological treatment unit. All the drugs' concentrations, except thioridazine, decreased in the chlorination unit, ranging between 27 ± 14% for alprazolam and 75 ± 10% for citalopram. However, the mean concentrations of the detected drugs were as follows: sertraline (11.96 ± 11.62 ng/L) and venlafaxine (184.94 ± 219.74 ng/L) which could cause environmental and ecological concerns.
人类在废水中排放的精神药物因其对水生生物的潜在风险而受到更多关注。在本研究中，评估了德黑兰南部城市污水处理厂中两类最常见的精神药物（镇静催眠药-安定药和抗抑郁药）的发生情况。所有目标镇静催眠药-安定药（阿普唑仑、苯巴比妥和硫利达嗪）和抗抑郁药（氟西汀、西酞普兰、舍曲林和文拉法辛）均在进水和二级澄清（SC）出水中被检出。硫利达嗪（164.25±218.74ng/L）和西酞普兰（672.53±938.56ng/L）在进水中的平均浓度最高，而阿普唑仑（5.09±2.33ng/L）和西酞普兰（776.97±1088.01ng/L）在 SC 出水中的浓度最高。与进水浓度相比，除硫利达嗪外，SC 出水中的精神药物浓度更高。在寒冷季节的样本中，具有负去除效率的药物浓度增加更为明显。在氯化单元处理的精神药物与生物处理单元中的药物相比，具有完全不同的模式。除硫利达嗪外，所有药物的浓度在氯化单元中均降低，阿普唑仑的降幅在 27±14%之间，西酞普兰的降幅在 75±10%之间。然而，所检测药物的平均浓度如下：舍曲林（11.96±11.62ng/L）和文拉法辛（184.94±219.74ng/L），这可能会引起环境和生态方面的关注。
