Steenhoff Tine, Tharner Anne, Vaever Mette S
Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Scand J Psychol. 2021 Jun;62(3):374-385. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12724. Epub 2021 Mar 14.
Empirical evidence links sensitive parenting behavior to positive developmental trajectories in children, whereas parental intrusiveness, in contrast, has been found to increase the risk of socio-emotional problems in children of various ages. However, most studies investigating the effect of parenting behavior have been conducted with mothers. Thus, little is yet known about fathers' role in child development and if mothers' and fathers' parenting behaviors are linked to child socio-emotional outcomes in similar or different ways. To date, findings are ambiguous, and this is why more studies are needed. The present study examined associations between mothers' and fathers' observed sensitivity and intrusiveness and children's internalizing and externalizing problems as reported by parents and by children themselves. The sample compromised 52 mothers, 41 fathers and their preschool children. Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed a negative association between fathers' intrusiveness, at low levels, and children's internalizing problems. This result was unexpected. However, in line with this finding, a number of recent studies suggest that when fathers challenge and push their children's limits, it buffers against emotional problems such as anxiety. The present study highlights the importance of a continuous investigation into fathers' potentially unique contribution to children's socio-emotional development. No other associations were identified between mothers' and fathers' parenting behaviors and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Most likely, because this study was conducted with a low-risk sample, where children were in general well-functioning.
实证证据表明，敏感的养育行为与儿童积极的发展轨迹相关，而相比之下，父母的侵扰行为则被发现会增加各年龄段儿童出现社会情感问题的风险。然而，大多数调查养育行为影响的研究都是以母亲为对象进行的。因此，对于父亲在儿童发展中的作用，以及母亲和父亲的养育行为是否以相似或不同的方式与儿童的社会情感结果相关，我们所知甚少。迄今为止，研究结果并不明确，这就是为什么需要更多研究的原因。本研究考察了观察到的母亲和父亲的敏感性与侵扰性，与父母及儿童自身报告的儿童内化问题和外化问题之间的关联。样本包括52位母亲、41位父亲及其学龄前儿童。分层回归分析结果显示，低水平的父亲侵扰性与儿童的内化问题之间存在负相关。这一结果出乎意料。然而，与此发现一致的是，最近的一些研究表明，当父亲挑战并推动孩子的极限时，这可以缓冲诸如焦虑等情绪问题。本研究强调了持续调查父亲对儿童社会情感发展潜在独特贡献的重要性。在母亲和父亲的养育行为与儿童的内化和外化问题之间未发现其他关联。很可能是因为本研究是针对一个低风险样本进行的，在这个样本中，儿童总体上功能良好。
