Tomić Vicko, Buljan Ivan, Marušić Ana
Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
Account Res. 2022 Feb;29(2):77-108. doi: 10.1080/08989621.2021.1900739. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
In contrast to the principle-based approach to ethics and research integrity (ERI) training, which stresses the importance of following moral rules, the virtue-based approach focuses on developing good character traits. This study has aimed to explore what virtues mean in scientific practice and their suitable place in ERI training, using a qualitative approach. Two face-to-face focus group discussions were conducted with 21 participants. Heterogeneous purposive sampling was used to reach participants from different countries, organization types (academia, research, publishing, private sector), scientific disciplines and stages of their scientific careers. Data generated during the focus group discussions were analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach, and three main themes were developed. The first theme addressed the relativity of virtue meanings because the participants differed in their definitions and understandings of the concept of virtue. The second theme referred to the acquisition of virtues through social interactions because participants saw virtues mostly as social constructs acquired through socialization and education. The third theme addressed the differences in the importance of particular virtues in research. Participants felt that particular virtues were more important than others because some of them are necessary for responsible research, and some are not.
与基于原则的伦理与研究诚信（ERI）培训方法不同，后者强调遵循道德规则的重要性，而基于美德的方法侧重于培养良好的性格特质。本研究旨在采用定性方法，探讨美德在科学实践中的含义以及它们在ERI培训中的合适位置。与21名参与者进行了两次面对面的焦点小组讨论。采用异质性目的抽样，以接触来自不同国家、组织类型（学术界、研究机构、出版业、私营部门）、科学学科及其科学职业生涯阶段的参与者。使用反思性主题分析方法对焦点小组讨论期间产生的数据进行分析，并形成了三个主要主题。第一个主题涉及美德含义的相对性，因为参与者对美德概念的定义和理解存在差异。第二个主题提到通过社会互动获得美德，因为参与者大多将美德视为通过社会化和教育获得的社会建构。第三个主题涉及特定美德在研究中的重要性差异。参与者认为特定美德比其他美德更重要，因为其中一些美德是负责任研究所必需的，而有些则不是。
