Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey.
Death Stud. 2022;46(1):25-33. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1897179. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
The global death toll to date of the COVID-19 pandemic has been enormous, and millions of people are grieving these losses. The aim of the current study is to validate a Turkish version of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), which is a brief English-language mental health screener to identify probable cases of dysfunctional grief associated with a COVID-19 death. Participants were assessed using the PGS, Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). We surveyed 758 Turkish native speakers who participated online. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the PGS was satisfactory. The scale was internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77 and a composite reliability of 0.90. The PGS demonstrated construct validity with strong correlations with suicidal ideation and substance use coping. Positive correlations of the PGS with the PHQ-4 and the WSAS demonstrated adequate convergent validity. The PGS discriminates well between persons with and without dysfunctional grief using an optimized cut score of ≥ 3 (89% sensitivity and 72% specificity). The PGS also demonstrates incremental validity by explaining most of the variance (43%) in functional impairment due to a COVID-19 loss beyond measures of depression and generalized anxiety. These findings closely replicate the original validation study on the PGS in English and suggest that the current Turkish version of the PGS is a valid and reliable measure to assess the severity of dysfunctional grief associated with a COVID-19 death.
迄今为止，COVID-19 大流行造成的全球死亡人数巨大，数百万人为此哀悼。本研究旨在验证 Pandemic Grief Scale（PGS）的土耳其语版本，PGS 是一种简短的英语心理健康筛查工具，用于识别与 COVID-19 死亡相关的功能失调性悲伤的可能病例。参与者使用 PGS、Patient Health Questionnaire-4（PHQ-4）和 Work and Social Adjustment Scale（WSAS）进行评估。我们调查了 758 名在线参与的土耳其语母语者。验证性因素分析表明，PGS 的因子结构令人满意。该量表具有内部一致性，克朗巴赫 α 系数为 0.77，综合可靠性为 0.90。PGS 与自杀意念和物质使用应对具有较强的相关性，表明其具有结构效度。PGS 与 PHQ-4 和 WSAS 的正相关表明具有足够的收敛效度。使用优化的≥3 分（89%的敏感性和 72%的特异性）作为截断值，PGS 可以很好地区分有无功能失调性悲伤的人群。PGS 还通过解释 COVID-19 损失导致的功能障碍的大部分变异（43%），在抑郁和广泛性焦虑之外，具有增量有效性。这些发现与 PGS 的原始英语验证研究非常吻合，表明当前的 PGS 土耳其语版本是评估与 COVID-19 死亡相关的功能失调性悲伤严重程度的有效和可靠工具。
