Hillerton J E, Bryan M A, Beattie B H, Scott D, Millar A, French N
Drumlanrig, Cambridge, New Zealand.
VetNZ, Invercargill, New Zealand.
N Z Vet J. 2021 May;69(3):180-185. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1890648. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
To describe the use of antimicrobial drugs for food animals in New Zealand, based on sales data reported to government for 2005-2018, to provide a baseline to determine the success of measures to reduce antimicrobial use for food animals and to compare usage to selected European countries.
Data were sourced from official government and industry reports to update previous estimates of use (as amount sold) of antimicrobial products applied to animals in New Zealand. The data included antimicrobial sales and animal populations, weighted where appropriate by breed and age class. Antimicrobial use was estimated based on the amount of active ingredient sold, per kg of animal biomass standardised to the probable weight at time of treatment or lifetime average but not slaughter weight (population correction unit; PCU). New Zealand data for 2017 and 2018 were adjusted to account only for antimicrobials used for farm animals by discounting horticulture use, companion animal use and export.
Between 2014 and 2018 the estimated usage of antimicrobials in animals flattened to a 5-year rolling average of 10.40 mg/PCU. New data on use for companion animals and on exports of zinc bacitracin and tylosin, included previously in the gross New Zealand values, allow a more refined estimate of use of antimicrobials in food animals of 10.21 mg/PCU in 2018, the third lowest rate of use for countries reporting by the same methodology. The intensive industries of pigs and poultry combined use more than 500 mg/PCU whereas the extensive red meat and dairy industries use an estimated 6.25 mg/PCU. New Zealand uses proportionally more cephalosporins and macrolides, two of the critically important antimicrobial groups, when compared with European countries, but less quinolones. The most obvious difference is the extensive use of zinc bacitracin and tylosin fed to pigs and poultry in New Zealand but not in the European Union.
Use of antimicrobials in food animals has stabilised to a rate of approximately 10.2 mg/PCU. This baseline should be used by the animal health industry to measure future success in its efforts to reduce and make more refined use of antimicrobial drugs as New Zealand works to deliver the government's Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan. High rates of use of zinc bacitracin and some critically important macrolides represent clear targets in attempts to reduce usage.
根据2005 - 2018年向政府报告的销售数据，描述新西兰食用动物抗菌药物的使用情况，提供一个基线以确定减少食用动物抗菌药物使用措施的成效，并将其使用情况与部分欧洲国家进行比较。
数据来源于政府和行业官方报告，以更新之前对新西兰应用于动物的抗菌产品使用量（按销售量计算）的估计。数据包括抗菌药物销售量和动物数量，并在适当情况下按品种和年龄组进行加权。抗菌药物使用量是根据每千克动物生物量所销售的活性成分量来估计的，该生物量标准化为治疗时的可能体重或终生平均体重而非屠宰体重（种群校正单位；PCU）。2017年和2018年的新西兰数据通过扣除园艺用途、伴侣动物用途和出口量进行了调整，仅计入用于农场动物的抗菌药物。
2014年至2018年期间，动物抗菌药物估计使用量趋于平稳，5年滚动平均值为10.40毫克/PCU。关于伴侣动物使用情况以及杆菌肽锌和泰乐菌素出口的新数据（之前包含在新西兰总值中），使得对2018年食用动物抗菌药物使用量的估计更为精确，为10.21毫克/PCU（按相同方法报告的国家中第三低的使用率）。猪和家禽的集约化行业合计使用量超过500毫克/PCU，而粗放型的红肉和乳制品行业估计使用量为6.25毫克/PCU。与欧洲国家相比，新西兰按比例使用了更多的头孢菌素和大环内酯类药物（两个至关重要的抗菌药物类别），但喹诺酮类药物使用较少。最明显的差异是新西兰广泛将杆菌肽锌和泰乐菌素用于猪和家禽的饲养，而欧盟则不然。
食用动物抗菌药物的使用已稳定在约10.2毫克/PCU的水平。随着新西兰努力实施政府的《抗菌药物耐药性行动计划》，动物健康行业应利用这一基线来衡量其未来在减少抗菌药物使用并使其使用更为精细化方面的成效。杆菌肽锌和一些至关重要的大环内酯类药物的高使用量是减少使用量尝试中的明确目标。
