University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA.
Department of Veterans Affairs, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sports Med. 2021 Jun;51(6):1227-1244. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01428-7. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Concussion is a growing public health concern and generating concussion prevention programs depends on identifying high-risk sports and characteristics. Identifying the roles of sport, sex, and participation level (e.g., high school versus collegiate athletics) in concussion risk would facilitate more informed decision-making regarding sports participation and generate better targeted prevention strategies.
The current study's objectives were to: (1) determine the magnitude and hierarchy of sports-related concussion (SRC) risk across an array of events and (2) evaluate the modifying roles of sex, participation level, and session type on SRC rates.
A literature search was conducted on PubMed, searching concussion studies published between 2001 and December 2019. Inclusion criteria for studies required: (1) concussion occurred during sport, (2) that the SRC was clinically diagnosed, and (3) athlete exposures and concussions could be extracted or estimated. A study was excluded if it: (1) was not an original research article, (2) was not written in English language, (3) was an animal study, (4) did not have enough data to calculate SRC rates, (5) included professional or youth sample, and/or (6) contained data collected prior to 2001. The meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were fit using a random effects model.
Search results returned 2695 unique research articles, with 83 studies included in analyses. Sport, sex, participation level, and session type all significantly influenced SRC rates. Overall, rugby had the highest concussion rate and was classified as the highest risk sport (28.25 concussions per 10,000 athlete exposures). Overall, females had a higher concussion rate than males. Only lacrosse demonstrated a higher concussion rate for males compared to females. Collegiate athletes had higher concussion rates than high school athletes. Games were associated with 2.01 more concussions per 10,000 AEs than practices.
This meta-analysis demonstrated rugby has the highest concussion risk, followed by American Football, ice hockey, and wrestling. Concussion risk was influenced by sport, sex, participation, and session. Identifying the factors and environments that influence concussion risk can facilitate risk reduction and prevention strategies.
脑震荡是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，制定脑震荡预防计划取决于确定高风险运动和特征。确定运动、性别和参与水平（例如，高中与大学运动）在脑震荡风险中的作用将有助于更明智地做出运动参与决策，并制定出更有针对性的预防策略。
本研究的目的是：（1）确定一系列事件中与运动相关的脑震荡（SRC）风险的程度和层次；（2）评估性别、参与水平和会议类型对 SRC 率的调节作用。
在 PubMed 上进行了文献检索，搜索了 2001 年至 2019 年 12 月期间发表的有关脑震荡的研究。纳入研究的标准为：（1）脑震荡发生在运动中；（2）SRC 经临床诊断；（3）可以提取或估计运动员的暴露和脑震荡情况。如果研究不符合以下标准，则将其排除：（1）不是原始研究文章；（2）不是英文；（3）是动物研究；（4）没有足够的数据来计算 SRC 率；（5）包括专业或青年样本；（6）包含 2001 年前收集的数据。使用随机效应模型对荟萃分析和荟萃回归分析进行拟合。
搜索结果返回了 2695 条独特的研究文章，其中有 83 项研究被纳入分析。运动、性别、参与水平和会议类型都显著影响了 SRC 率。总体而言，橄榄球的脑震荡率最高，被归类为风险最高的运动（每 10000 名运动员暴露 28.25 次脑震荡）。总体而言，女性的脑震荡率高于男性。只有曲棍球显示男性的脑震荡率高于女性。大学运动员的脑震荡率高于高中运动员。比赛比练习每 10000 次运动员暴露会导致 2.01 次更多的脑震荡。
本荟萃分析表明，橄榄球的脑震荡风险最高，其次是美式足球、冰球和摔跤。脑震荡风险受运动、性别、参与度和会议类型的影响。确定影响脑震荡风险的因素和环境可以促进风险降低和预防策略的制定。
