Atomic-Resolution 1.3 Å Crystal Structure, Inhibition by Sulfate, and Molecular Dynamics of the Bacterial Enzyme DapE.

We report the atomic-resolution (1.3 Å) X-ray crystal structure of an open conformation of the -encoded succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE, EC 3.5.1.18) from . This structure [Protein Data Bank (PDB) entry 5UEJ] contains two bound sulfate ions in the active site that mimic the binding of the terminal carboxylates of the succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid (l,l-SDAP) substrate. We demonstrated inhibition of DapE by sulfate (IC = 13.8 ± 2.8 mM). Comparison with other DapE structures in the PDB demonstrates the flexibility of the interdomain connections of this protein. This high-resolution structure was then utilized as the starting point for targeted molecular dynamics experiments revealing the conformational change from the open form to the closed form that occurs when DapE binds l,l-SDAP and cleaves the amide bond. These simulations demonstrated closure from the open to the closed conformation, the change in RMS throughout the closure, and the independence in the movement of the two DapE subunits. This conformational change occurred in two phases with the catalytic domains moving toward the dimerization domains first, followed by a rotation of catalytic domains relative to the dimerization domains. Although there were no targeting forces, the substrate moved closer to the active site and bound more tightly during the closure event.