Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Jun;73:105147. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105147. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Pulp and paper mill effluent can cause changes in the morphology and energy metabolism in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) testis. Betulin, a naturally occurring triterpene is commonly present in this type of effluent and is suspected of being involved in these effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects pulp and paper mill effluent and betulin on various aspects of testicular physiology in the zebrafish. This included the in vitro effects of effluent and betulin on testicular lactate content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In addition, the effects of betulin on glucose uptake, glycogen, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation and oxidative damage in the testes were determined. Furthermore, we compared the effects and mechanism of action of betulin and effluent on calcium homeostasis in testes. In vitro exposure to both effluent and betulin decreased lactate and calcium influx, possibly due to the activation of the sodium‑calcium exchanger (NCX) pump. Additionally, betulin-treated testes had higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as increased glutathione transferase (GST) activity and a tendency towards decreased catalase (CAT) activity. Thus, this study shows that alterations in testis physiology caused by the pulp and paper mill effluent in the testis may be due in part to the actions of betulin.
纸浆和造纸厂废水会引起斑马鱼（Danio rerio）睾丸形态和能量代谢的变化。桦木醇是一种天然存在的三萜类化合物，通常存在于这种废水中，被怀疑与这些影响有关。本研究旨在比较纸浆和造纸厂废水和桦木醇对斑马鱼睾丸生理的各个方面的影响。这包括废水和桦木醇对睾丸乳酸含量和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性的体外影响。此外，还测定了桦木醇对葡萄糖摄取、糖原、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、活性氧和氮物种形成以及睾丸氧化损伤的影响。此外，我们比较了桦木醇和废水对睾丸钙稳态的作用和作用机制。体外暴露于废水和桦木醇均降低了乳酸和钙内流，这可能是由于钠钙交换器（NCX）泵的激活。此外，桦木醇处理的睾丸具有更高的活性氧（ROS）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，以及更高的谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）活性和降低的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的趋势。因此，本研究表明，睾丸中纸浆和造纸厂废水引起的睾丸生理变化可能部分归因于桦木醇的作用。
