Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Mar;48(3):2071-2082. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06177-4. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Evidence has validated the prophylactic effects of exercising on different aspects of health. On the opposite side, immobilization may lead to various destructive effects causing neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the association between exercising and mitochondrial quality for preventing the destructive effects of restraint stress in different rat brain regions. Twenty-four male Wistar rats, were randomized into four groups (n = 6), exercise, stress, exercise + stress, and control. The exercise procedure consisted of running on a rodent treadmill for 8 weeks, and rats in the stress group were immobilized for 6 h. Rats were then euthanized by decapitation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme activity, antioxidant levels, and mitochondrial biogenesis factors were assessed in the frontal, hippocampus, parietal and temporal regions using spectrophotometer and western blot technique. Based on our results, increased activity of TCA cycle enzymes in the exercised and exercise-stressed groups was detected, except for malate dehydrogenase which was decreased in exercise-stressed group, and fumarase that did not change. Furthermore, the level of antioxidant agents (superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione), mitochondrial biogenesis factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A), and dynamics markers (Mitofusin 2, dynamic related protein 1, PTEN induced putative kinase-1, and parkin) increased in both mentioned groups. Interestingly our results also revealed that the majority of the mitochondrial factors increased in the frontal and parietal lobes, which may be in relation with the location of motor and sensory areas. Exercise can be used as a prophylactic approach against bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction.
证据已经证实了锻炼对健康的各个方面的预防作用。相反，固定不动可能会导致各种破坏性的影响，导致神经退行性变。在这里，我们研究了锻炼与线粒体质量之间的关联，以预防不同大鼠脑区的束缚应激的破坏性影响。将 24 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分为四组（n = 6），即运动组、应激组、运动+应激组和对照组。运动程序包括在啮齿动物跑步机上跑步 8 周，应激组的大鼠被固定 6 小时。然后，大鼠通过断头处死，使用分光光度计和 Western blot 技术评估前额叶、海马、顶叶和颞叶区域的三羧酸（TCA）循环酶活性、抗氧化剂水平和线粒体生物发生因子。根据我们的结果，在运动和运动应激组中检测到 TCA 循环酶活性增加，除了运动应激组中的苹果酸脱氢酶降低，延胡索酸酶没有变化。此外，抗氧化剂（超氧化物歧化酶和还原型谷胱甘肽）、线粒体生物发生因子（过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子 1-α和线粒体转录因子 A）和动力学标志物（线粒体融合蛋白 2、动态相关蛋白 1、PTEN 诱导的假定激酶-1 和 parkin）在这两个组中均增加。有趣的是，我们的结果还表明，大多数线粒体因子在前额叶和顶叶增加，这可能与运动和感觉区域的位置有关。锻炼可以作为一种预防生物能量学和线粒体功能障碍的方法。
