McFarlane J M, Boe K E, Curtis S E
Anim. Sci. Dept., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
J Anim Sci. 1988 Feb;66(2):326-33. doi: 10.2527/jas1988.662326x.
Mated gilts in gestation crates designed specially so gilts could turn or walk at will did turn around and walk. In Exp. 1, in crates 2.1 m long, flared at one end and pointed at the other, and 56 or 61 cm wide at center, gilts' turning frequency averaged 11.2 turns/d. Neither feeder nor waterer location, independent of the other, influenced turning frequency. Most turns apparently were not motivated by any obvious external stimulus. Narrowing crates from 61 to 56 cm reduced turning rate from 12.9/d to 8.9/d. Gilts spent more time facing the feeder when it was at the flared end (F; 66.1%) than when it was at the pointed end (P; 49.4%). Turning was followed by standing or lying, without simultaneous eating or drinking, 65.3% of the time. A greater proportion of turns were succeeded by eating or drinking when feeder and waterer were located in opposite ends of the crate (39.2%) instead of in the same end (29.7%). As a result of turns followed by only standing or lying, gilts were oriented head by head 52.9% of the times. Mean time of day for turning was 1016 in wide crates and 0855 in narrow crates. Also, mean turning time with waterer at P vs at F was 1012 vs 0928. In Exp. 2, a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments compared crates that were either 2.1 m or 3.4 m long and had either flared or rectangular ends. Neither length nor shape affected gilts' total daily duration of standing. Gilts stood up 8.3 times/d in rectangular crates, 13.9 times/d in flared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
安置在专门设计的妊娠限位栏中的经产小母猪，限位栏能让小母猪随意转身或走动，它们确实会转身和走动。在实验1中，限位栏长2.1米，一端呈喇叭状，另一端呈尖状，中间宽56或61厘米，小母猪的转身频率平均为11.2次/天。单独来看，喂料器和饮水器的位置均不影响转身频率。显然，大多数转身并非由任何明显的外部刺激引起。将限位栏宽度从61厘米缩小到56厘米，转身频率从12.9次/天降至8.9次/天。当喂料器位于喇叭状一端（F）时，小母猪面对喂料器的时间（66.1%）比位于尖状一端（P）时（49.4%）更多。转身之后紧接着站立或躺下，且不同时进食或饮水的情况占65.3%。当喂料器和饮水器位于限位栏的两端时（39.2%），转身之后紧接着进食或饮水的比例高于位于同一端时（29.7%）。由于转身之后仅站立或躺下，小母猪头部相对的情况占52.9%。宽限位栏中小母猪转身的平均时间是上午10:16，窄限位栏中是上午08:55。此外，饮水器位于P端时的平均转身时间为10:12，位于F端时为09:28。在实验2中，采用2×2析因设计处理，比较了2.1米或3.4米长、一端呈喇叭状或呈矩形的限位栏。长度和形状均不影响小母猪每日站立的总时长。矩形限位栏中小母猪每天站立8.3次，喇叭状限位栏中为13.9次。（摘要截选至250词）
