Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, Mexico.
Pest Manag Sci. 2021 Sep;77(9):3820-3831. doi: 10.1002/ps.6362. Epub 2021 May 8.
Since glyphosate was classified as potentially carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, public debate regarding the environmental impact and health risks from its use has intensified. Almost all regulatory agencies throughout the world have concluded that the judicious use of glyphosate does not pose risks to the environment and human health. However, on the last day of 2020 the Mexican government decreed a ban of this herbicide beginning January, 2024. In current Mexican agriculture there are no safer chemical and/or other weed management technologies that allow for the economical substitution of glyphosate for weed control. Many Mexican weed scientists agree that glyphosate use should be reduced, but not banned outright. This decree could have more negative economic and social consequences as well as environmental and human health risks than benefits, which could compromise the country's food and public security. Crop yields are projected by some to decline by up to 40% with this ban, increasing food prices, making food less accessible to low-income consumers. In addition, a black market for the smuggling and illegal sale of glyphosate is possible. The possible environmental, economic and social impacts caused by the glyphosate ban in Mexico are discussed, emphasizing the impact on weed management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
由于国际癌症研究机构将草甘膦归类为潜在致癌物质，因此公众对其使用对环境和健康的影响的争论愈演愈烈。几乎全世界所有的监管机构都得出结论，合理使用草甘膦不会对环境和人类健康构成威胁。然而，在 2020 年的最后一天，墨西哥政府颁布法令，自 2024 年 1 月起禁止使用这种除草剂。在当前的墨西哥农业中，没有更安全的化学物质和/或其他杂草管理技术可以在经济上替代草甘膦来控制杂草。许多墨西哥杂草科学家认为，应该减少草甘膦的使用，但不应完全禁止。这项法令可能会带来比好处更多的负面经济、社会、环境和人类健康风险，从而危及国家的粮食和公共安全。一些人预测，这项禁令将使作物产量下降多达 40%，从而推高食品价格，使低收入消费者更难获得食品。此外，还可能出现草甘膦走私和非法销售的黑市。本文讨论了墨西哥禁止使用草甘膦可能带来的环境、经济和社会影响，重点讨论了对杂草管理的影响。 © 2021 英国化学学会。
