Banyal Aditya, Thakur Vikram, Thakur Rahul, Kumar Pradeep
Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Curr Microbiol. 2021 May;78(5):1699-1717. doi: 10.1007/s00284-021-02359-2. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Cancer is a collective name for a variety of diseases that can begin in virtually every organ or body tissue as abnormal cells develop uncontrollably and ten million new cancer cases are diagnosed all over the world at present. Whereas HIV is a virus that makes people susceptible to infection and contributes to the condition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Almost 37 million people are currently diagnosed with HIV and 1 million people die every year, which is the worst-case scenario. Potential medicinal compounds have played a crucial role in the production of certain clinically beneficial novel anti-cancer and anti-HIV agents that are produced from natural sources especially from plants. These include Taxol, Vinblastine, Podophyllotoxin, Betulinic acid, Camptothecin, and Vincristine, etc. In the past decades, bioactive compounds were extracted directly from the plant sources which was more time consuming, led to low yield productivity, high cost, and bad impact on biodiversity. Endophytes, the microorganisms that reside inside the host plant by not causing any kind of harm to them and have potential applications in agriculture, medicine, pollution, and food industries. Therefore, by isolating and characterizing novel endophytes from medicinal plants and extracting their secondary metabolites to produce useful bioactive compounds can be beneficial for well-being and society as a future therapeutics. This approach is not harmful to biodiversity economical, timesaving, low cost, and can lead to the discovery of various industrial and commercially important novel anti-tumor and anti-HIV agents in the future. The Himalayas are home to several medicinal plants and the endophytic microbial biodiversity of the Himalayan region is also not much explored yet. However, the effect of compounds from these endophytes on anticancer and antiviral activity, especially anti-HIV has been largely unexplored. Hence, the present review is designed to the exploration of endophytic microbial diversity that can give rise to the discovery of various novel potential industrially valuable bioactive compounds that can lessen the rate of such type of pandemic diseases in the future by providing low-cost future therapeutics in future.
癌症是多种疾病的统称，实际上在每个器官或身体组织中都可能发生，因为异常细胞会不受控制地生长，目前全球每年有一千万例新的癌症病例被诊断出来。而艾滋病毒是一种使人易受感染并导致获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）的病毒。目前，近3700万人被诊断感染艾滋病毒，每年有100万人死亡，这是最糟糕的情况。潜在的药用化合物在某些具有临床益处的新型抗癌和抗艾滋病毒药物的生产中发挥了关键作用，这些药物特别是从天然来源尤其是植物中提取的。这些包括紫杉醇、长春碱、鬼臼毒素、桦木酸、喜树碱和长春新碱等。在过去几十年中，生物活性化合物直接从植物来源中提取，这种方法耗时更长，导致产量低、成本高，并且对生物多样性有不良影响。内生菌是寄生于宿主植物内部且不会对其造成任何伤害的微生物，在农业、医药、污染和食品工业中具有潜在应用。因此，通过从药用植物中分离和鉴定新型内生菌并提取其次生代谢产物以生产有用的生物活性化合物，作为未来的治疗方法对人类健康和社会有益。这种方法对生物多样性无害、经济、省时、成本低，并且未来可能会发现各种具有工业和商业重要性的新型抗肿瘤和抗艾滋病毒药物。喜马拉雅地区有几种药用植物，该地区内生微生物的生物多样性尚未得到充分探索。然而，这些内生菌产生的化合物对抗癌和抗病毒活性，尤其是抗艾滋病毒活性的影响在很大程度上尚未得到研究。因此，本综述旨在探索内生微生物多样性，以期发现各种新型潜在的具有工业价值的生物活性化合物，这些化合物通过提供低成本的未来治疗方法，能够在未来降低此类大流行疾病的发病率。
