Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford, Hwy, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021 Sep;46(9):1097-1104. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0909. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Dairy snacks are available in various physical forms and their consumption is linked to improved metabolic health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dairy snacks of different physical forms on short-term food intake (FI), subjective appetite, and the stress hormone, cortisol, in children. Following a repeated-measures crossover design, 40 children aged 9-14 years randomly consumed 1 of 5 isoenergetic (180 kcal) snacks per study session. These snacks included solid (potato chips, cookies, and cheese), semi-solid (Greek yogurt), and fluid (2% fat milk) snacks. FI was measured 120 min after snack consumption. Subjective appetite was measured at 0 (immediately before the snack), 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Salivary cortisol ( = 18) was measured after the Greek yogurt and cookie snacks at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. FI did not differ between snacks ( = 0.15). The Greek yogurt ( < 0.0001) and cheese ( = 0.0009) snacks reduced average appetite compared with the 2% fat milk snack. Salivary cortisol levels were not affected by snack ( = 0.84). This study demonstrates that dairy snacks are as effective as other popular snacks at influencing subsequent FI. However, solid and semi-solid dairy snacks are more effective at repressing subjective appetite than a fluid dairy snack. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02484625). Milk, Greek yogurt and cheese have a similar effect on short-term food intake in children as popular potato chips and cookie snacks. Solid, semi-solid and liquid snacks have a similar effect on short-term food intake in children.
奶制品零食有多种物理形态，其食用与改善代谢健康有关。本研究的目的是确定不同物理形态的奶制品零食对儿童短期食物摄入（FI）、主观食欲和应激激素皮质醇的影响。采用重复测量交叉设计，40 名 9-14 岁儿童随机在每个研究阶段食用 1 种 180 千卡能量的 5 种零食中的 1 种。这些零食包括固体（薯片、曲奇和奶酪）、半固体（希腊酸奶）和液体（2%脂肪牛奶）零食。在食用零食后 120 分钟测量 FI。在 0（食用零食前）、15、30、45、60、90 和 120 分钟测量主观食欲。在食用希腊酸奶和曲奇后，在 0、30、60、90 和 120 分钟测量唾液皮质醇（ = 18）。零食间 FI 无差异（ = 0.15）。与 2%脂肪牛奶零食相比，希腊酸奶（ < 0.0001）和奶酪（ = 0.0009）零食降低了平均食欲。零食对唾液皮质醇水平没有影响（ = 0.84）。本研究表明，奶制品零食与其他受欢迎的零食一样能有效影响随后的 FI。然而，固体和半固体奶制品零食比液体奶制品零食更能抑制主观食欲。在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册（NCT02484625）。 牛奶、希腊酸奶和奶酪对儿童短期食物摄入的影响与流行的薯片和曲奇零食相似。固体、半固体和液体零食对儿童短期食物摄入的影响相似。
