Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019 Dec;44(12):1289-1296. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0887. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
Dairy proteins reduce appetite and improve postprandial glycaemic response in adults. However, there are no reports of dairy in amounts usually consumed on satiety and postprandial glycaemia in either young or older adults. In a randomized crossover design, 30 healthy young adults (age: 23.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.8 ± 0.4 kg/m) and 30 healthy/overweight older adults (age: 65.2 ± 0.5 years; BMI: 24.7 ± 0.6 kg/m) consumed 1 serving (according to manufacturers' labels) of skim milk (0.1% milk fat (MF)), whole milk (3.25% MF), plain Greek yogurt (2% MF), cheddar cheese (31% MF), and water (energy-free control) after a 12-h fast. Subjective appetite was measured every 15-30 min over 3 h. Blood glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and every 15-30 min over 2 h. All dairy treatments reduced post-treatment subjective appetite area under the curve (AUC) over 3 h by 8%-17% more than water. Greek yogurt reduced appetite 3-h AUC more than skim and whole milk by 9% and 7%, respectively ( < 0.0001). Post-treatment blood glucose 2-h AUC was 42% lower in young compared with older adults ( = 0.003). It was also 52%-78% lower after cheese compared with milks and yogurt ( < 0.0001). Post-treatment insulin AUC after cheese was only 10%-15% of that after milks and Greek yogurt ( < 0.0001). We conclude that single servings of dairy differ in effect on postprandial satiety and glycaemia and merit consideration in management of metabolic syndrome.
乳制品可降低食欲并改善成年人的餐后血糖反应。然而，目前尚没有关于成年人通常摄入量的乳制品对饱腹感和餐后血糖影响的报告。在一项随机交叉设计中，30 名健康的年轻成年人（年龄：23.5 ± 0.5 岁；体重指数（BMI）：21.8 ± 0.4 kg/m）和 30 名健康/超重的老年人（年龄：65.2 ± 0.5 岁；BMI：24.7 ± 0.6 kg/m）在禁食 12 小时后，根据制造商的标签，分别摄入 1 份（份）脱脂牛奶（0.1%牛奶脂肪（MF））、全脂牛奶（3.25% MF）、原味希腊酸奶（2% MF）、切达干酪（31% MF）和水（无能量对照）。在 3 小时内，每隔 15-30 分钟测量一次主观食欲。在基线和 2 小时内每隔 15-30 分钟测量一次血糖和胰岛素。所有乳制品处理在 3 小时内均比水降低了 8%-17%的餐后主观食欲曲线下面积（AUC）。希腊酸奶比脱脂奶和全脂奶分别降低了 3 小时 AUC 食欲 9%和 7%（<0.0001）。与老年人相比，年轻人的餐后 2 小时血糖 AUC 低 42%（=0.003）。与牛奶和酸奶相比，奶酪后血糖 AUC 也低 52%-78%（<0.0001）。奶酪后的胰岛素 AUC 仅为牛奶和希腊酸奶后的 10%-15%（<0.0001）。我们得出结论，单份乳制品对餐后饱腹感和血糖的影响不同，值得在代谢综合征的管理中考虑。
