University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Twente, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Enschede, the Netherlands.
Gait Posture. 2021 May;86:150-156. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
Previous studies showed that rocker shoes with a stiff forefoot rocker profile significantly reduce peak plantar flexion moment at the ankle (PFM) and peak ankle dorsiflexion (DF). Both parameters are related to Achilles tendon and Plantar Fascia unloading. The shape of an outsole with a forefoot rocker is described with multiple rocker design parameters. The aim of this research is, to determine the relation between different forefoot rocker radii on peak DF and peak PFM at a self-selected walking speed.
10 participants walked in standard shoes and three experimental pairs of shoes with different forefoot rocker radii. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were collected while walking on an instrumented treadmill at preferred walking speed and analysed with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) (α = .05; post-hoc α = .05/6).
Peak value analyses showed significant decreases in peak DF, peak PFM, and peak ankle power generation for the rocker conditions. No relevant significant differences were found in spatio-temporal parameters and total work at the ankle joint. SPM showed a significant decrease (% gait cycle) in DF (40-69 %), PFM (7-15 %; 41-68 %; 69-81 %), ankle power (10-15 %; 32-51 %; 55-64 %; 64-67 %; 72-80 %) and foot-to-horizontal angle (FHA) (0-4 %; 40-62 %; 92-100 %) and an increased shank-to-vertical angle (SVA) (44-84 %) for the rocker conditions.
The results of this study suggest that rocker shoes with a proximally placed apex significantly reduce DF and PFM during the third rocker compared with control shoes. This effect is mainly explained by a change in the FHA. Smaller radii cause the largest reductions in DF and PFM, so therefore, a uniform standardisation of the forefoot rocker radius is essential.
之前的研究表明，前脚掌具有刚性前翘设计的摇摇鞋可显著降低踝关节的峰值跖屈力矩（PFM）和峰值踝关节背屈（DF）。这两个参数都与跟腱和足底筋膜的减压有关。前脚掌的鞋底形状可以用多个前翘设计参数来描述。本研究的目的是，确定在自我选择的步行速度下，不同前掌前翘半径与最大 DF 和最大 PFM 之间的关系。
10 名参与者穿着标准鞋和三双具有不同前掌前翘半径的实验鞋在仪器化跑步机上以自身选择的步行速度行走，下肢运动学和动力学数据在行走过程中收集，并使用统计参数映射（SPM）进行分析（α=0.05；事后检验 α=0.05/6）。
峰值分析显示，在摇摆条件下，DF、PFM 和踝关节峰值功率生成均显著降低。在时空参数和踝关节总功方面，没有发现相关的显著差异。SPM 显示，DF（40-69%）、PFM（7-15%；41-68%；69-81%）、踝关节功率（10-15%；32-51%；55-64%；64-67%；72-80%）和足与水平面夹角（FHA）（0-4%；40-62%；92-100%）的百分比在摇摆条件下显著降低，而胫骨与垂直面夹角（SVA）（44-84%）显著增加。
本研究结果表明，与对照鞋相比，前脚掌顶点位置靠近的摇摆鞋在第三前翘阶段可显著降低 DF 和 PFM。这种效果主要是 FHA 变化引起的。较小的半径会导致 DF 和 PFM 的最大降低，因此，前掌前翘半径的统一标准化至关重要。
