Kumar Valsalayam Raghavapanicker Sanal, Choudhary Shiv Kumar, Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar, Bharath Rajaghatta Sundararam, Chandrasekaran Nichith, Sankar Vigneshwaran, Sukumaran Ajith, Oommen Charlie
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (SC CA No.6301/2013) Indian Space Research Organisation Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695022 India.
National Centre for Combustion Research and Development Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka 560012 India.
Glob Chall. 2021 Jan 29;5(3):2000076. doi: 10.1002/gch2.202000076. eCollection 2021 Mar.
The discovery of Sanal flow choking in the cardiovascular-system calls for multidisciplinary and global action to develop innovative treatments and to develop new drugs to negate the risk of asymptomatic-cardiovascular-diseases. Herein, it is shown that when blood-pressure-ratio (BPR) reaches the lower-critical-hemorrhage-index (LCHI) internal-flow-choking and shock wave generation can occur in the cardiovascular-system, with sudden expansion/divergence/vasospasm or bifurcation regions, without prejudice to the percutaneous-coronary-intervention (PCI). Analytical findings reveal that the relatively high and the low blood-viscosity are cardiovascular-risk factors. In vitro studies have shown that nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases are dominant in fresh blood samples of humans/guinea pigs at a temperature range of 98.6-104 F. An in silico study demonstrated the Sanal flow choking phenomenon leading to shock-wave generation and pressure-overshoot in the cardiovascular-system. It has been established that disproportionate blood-thinning treatment increases the risk of the internal-flow-choking due to the enhanced boundary-layer-blockage-factor, resulting from an increase in flow-turbulence level in the cardiovascular-system, caused by an increase in Reynolds number as a consequence of low blood-viscosity. The cardiovascular-risk can be diminished by concurrently lessening the viscosity of biofluid/blood and flow-turbulence by raising the thermal-tolerance-level in terms of blood-heat-capacity-ratio (BHCR) and/or by decreasing the systolic-to-diastolic blood-pressure-ratio.
心血管系统中发现的萨纳尔血流阻塞现象，需要采取多学科的全球行动，以开发创新疗法并研发新药，以消除无症状心血管疾病的风险。本文表明，当血压比（BPR）达到低临界出血指数（LCHI）时，心血管系统中可能会出现内部血流阻塞和冲击波产生，发生在突然扩张/发散/血管痉挛或分叉区域，且不影响经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）。分析结果表明，相对较高和较低的血液粘度都是心血管危险因素。体外研究表明，在98.6 - 104华氏度的温度范围内，氮气、氧气和二氧化碳气体在人类/豚鼠的新鲜血液样本中占主导地位。一项计算机模拟研究证明了萨纳尔血流阻塞现象会导致心血管系统中产生冲击波和压力过冲。已经确定，不成比例的血液稀释治疗会增加内部血流阻塞的风险，这是由于心血管系统中血流湍流水平增加导致雷诺数增加，进而增强了边界层阻塞因子。通过提高血液热容量比（BHCR）方面的热耐受水平和/或降低收缩压与舒张压之比，同时降低生物流体/血液的粘度和血流湍流，可以降低心血管风险。
