Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Neuropsychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2022;55:171-181. doi: 10.1007/7854_2021_223.
Patients with epilepsy can experience different neuropsychiatric symptoms related (peri-ictal) or not (interictal) with seizures. Peri-ictal symptoms can precede (pre-ictal) or follow (post-ictal) the seizure, or even be the expression of the seizure activity (ictal). Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as irritability and apathy, are among the most frequent pre-ictal manifestations. Ictal fear is reported by around 10% of patients with focal seizures, and sometimes can be difficult to differentiate from panic attacks. Post-ictal anxiety, mood and psychotic symptoms are also frequently reported by patients. Peri-ictal phenomena can occur as isolated symptom or as a cluster of symptoms, sometimes resembling a full-blown psychiatric syndrome. Actually, peri-ictal and interictal neuropsychiatric manifestations seem to be closely associated.
癫痫患者可能会出现与癫痫相关（发作期前或发作期后）或不相关（发作间期）的不同神经精神症状。发作期前症状可先于（发作期前）或后于（发作期后）癫痫发作，甚至是癫痫活动的表现（发作期）。神经精神症状，如易怒和冷漠，是最常见的发作期前表现之一。大约 10%的局灶性癫痫发作患者会出现发作期恐惧，有时可能难以与惊恐发作区分。发作后焦虑、情绪和精神病症状也经常被患者报告。发作期前现象可表现为孤立症状或一组症状，有时类似于全面的精神综合征。实际上，发作期前和发作间期神经精神表现似乎密切相关。
