Specialist Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal National ENT and Eastman Hospital, London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Department of Rhinology, Royal National ENT and Eastman Hospital, London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2021 May;17(5):445-459. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2021.1905527. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
: The first mucosal site to encounter inhaled allergen, antigen, and microbes is the upper airway. It must perforce have a rapid system of environmental threat recognition and self-defense. B cells play a critical role in such airway host-defense, tissue surveillance, and immune modulation. Several common upper airway diseases can be defined in the expression of either exaggerated or dysregulated B-cell function within T2-high mucosal inflammatory states.: In this review, the authors discuss the immunology of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in the context of highlighting key aspects of B-cell biology and function. The review is based on the findings of a literature search using the terms B cells, rhinitis, nasal polyps, and rhinosinusitis.: Despite the emerging role of B-cell overdrive and dysfunction in upper airway disease, studies are lacking specifics to B cells, particularly in association with sinonasal infection and mucosal inflammation. There is a pressing need to focus on how respiratory inflammation, alongside impaired or exaggerated B-cell function, amplifies and further dysregulates immune signaling pathways in the disease setting of AR and CRSwNP.
上呼吸道是首先接触吸入过敏原、抗原和微生物的黏膜部位。它必然具有快速识别环境威胁和自我防御的系统。B 细胞在这种气道宿主防御、组织监测和免疫调节中发挥着关键作用。几种常见的上呼吸道疾病可以通过 T2 高黏膜炎症状态下过度表达或失调的 B 细胞功能来定义。
在这篇综述中，作者讨论了变应性鼻炎 (AR) 和伴有鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎 (CRSwNP) 的免疫学，重点介绍了 B 细胞生物学和功能的关键方面。该综述是基于使用术语 B 细胞、鼻炎、鼻息肉和鼻-鼻窦炎进行文献检索的结果。
尽管 B 细胞过度活跃和功能失调在上呼吸道疾病中的作用不断显现，但缺乏针对 B 细胞的具体研究，特别是与鼻窦感染和黏膜炎症相关的研究。当务之急是关注呼吸炎症以及受损或过度活跃的 B 细胞功能如何在上呼吸道疾病（AR 和 CRSwNP）的疾病环境中放大和进一步失调免疫信号通路。
