PhD. Speech Therapist, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.
BSc. Psychologist, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2021 Mar 12;139(3):210-217. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0280.R1.10122020. eCollection 2021.
In a literate society, linguistic/arithmetic performance is highly valued. Based on defined risk factors, strategies for promotion of better performance can be developed.
To ascertain the risk and protective factors relating to development of language and arithmetic.
Observational comparative cross-sectional study at a public elementary school in Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.
A total of 66 children (41% females) attending first to fifth grades participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: G1, children classified as presenting language or arithmetic deficits; G2, average performance. Language (oral and written) and arithmetic skills were assessed through standardized tests. Variables relating to social skills, home environment resources and behavioral problems were assessed through standardized scales. Data on other variables (pre, peri and postnatal complications, maternal variables and others) were collected through interviews. The logistic regression technique with LASSO was used (α = 0.05).
Teenage pregnancy and consumption of psychoactive substances during pregnancy or complications during pregnancy were risk factors for performance regarding arithmetic and language. Higher schooling level for the mother was a protective factor in the development of arithmetic and language. Being female and having a history of otitis were risk factors for language. Altered social skills (responsibility and civility) and complaints of inattention were risk factor for arithmetic. Adequate linguistic development was a protective factor for the development of arithmetic.
The risk/protective factors included variables relating to the gestational period, mother's age when pregnant, mother's schooling, social skills, behavior and development issues.
在一个有文化的社会中，语言/算术表现受到高度重视。根据已确定的风险因素，可以制定提高表现的策略。
确定与语言和算术发展相关的风险和保护因素。
在巴西里贝朗普雷图的一所公立小学进行的观察性比较横断面研究。
共有 66 名儿童（41%为女性）参加了这项研究，他们分为两组：G1 组，语言或算术能力缺陷的儿童；G2 组，表现平均的儿童。通过标准化测试评估语言（口头和书面）和算术技能。通过标准化量表评估与社会技能、家庭环境资源和行为问题相关的变量。通过访谈收集其他变量（产前、围产期和产后并发症、母亲变量等）的数据。使用具有 LASSO 的逻辑回归技术（α=0.05）。
青少年怀孕和怀孕期间使用精神活性物质或怀孕期间出现并发症是影响算术和语言表现的风险因素。母亲的受教育程度较高是算术和语言发展的保护因素。女性和有中耳炎病史是语言的风险因素。社交技能改变（责任感和礼貌）和注意力不集中的抱怨是算术的风险因素。语言发育良好是算术发展的保护因素。
风险/保护因素包括与妊娠期、母亲怀孕时的年龄、母亲的受教育程度、社会技能、行为和发育问题相关的变量。
